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Personality (Humanistic (Carl Rogers (Real Self (match then harmony),…
Personality
Humanistic
Humans have free will
Innately good
Carl Rogers
Self-Actualizing tendency
Self-concept
Real Self
match then harmony
Ideal self
separate than anxiety
Unconditional positive regard is needed for growth
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Criticism
Are we really good?
Difficult to test
Assessment of Personality
Interviews
halo effect
Psychodynamic
Iceberg Theory
Id--> pleasure principle
Superego --> moral guardian
Ego --> reality principle
Psychosexual Stages of Development
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Oedipal complex
Latency Stage
Genital Stage
Defense mechanisms
Denial, repression, rationalization, identification, projection, reaction formation, displacement, regression, compensation, sublimation
Neo Freudians
Carl Jung
Personal unconscious and collective unconscious
Alfred Adler
Birth Order Theory --> firstborn feel inferior, are overachievers, middle children are competitive, youngest feel inferior
Karen Horney
Womb envy
Erik Erikson
Psychosocial stages of development
Criticism
no experiments
sample population
fake data
Personality Assessment
Rorsach Inkblot test
Thematic Apperception Test
Not valid or reliable
Behavioral/Social Cognitive
Albert Bandura
Environment Reinforcers
Behavior
Personal/Cognitive Factors
Reciprocal determinism
Julian Rotter
Locus of control
Expectancy
Criticism
too simple of an explanation
Personality Assessment
Direct observation, rating scales and frequency counts
Observer bias, lack of control of environment
Trait
Concerned with characteristics shown, not why or how personality develops
Five factor Model --> OCEAN
Gordon Allport
Narrowed down traits, thought traits were wired into nervous system
Raymond Cattell
Surface traits
Source traits
Personality Assessment
16PF, MBTI, CPI, MMPI-2
Most reliable, still might have user bias
Criticism
Trait situation interaction