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Notes for Ch5 (Eukaryotes) (endocytosis (Caveolin-dependent endocytosis,…
Notes for Ch5 (Eukaryotes)
cell envelope
lipid bilayer
phosphoglycerides
sphingolipids 鞘脂
microdomains
=lipid rafts(differ in protein-lipid composition)
sterol
cholesterol
ergosterol
cytoplasm
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cytosol
organelles
liquid
cytoskeleton
function
cell movement
maintain cell shape
structure
microfilament
composed of actin protein
cell motion, shape changes
cytokinesis
endocytosis 胞飲
amoeboid movement
intermediate filament
role unclear
may play structural role
form nuclear lamina
link cells together to form tissues
microtubule
shaped like thin cylinders
form
spindle apparatus
maintain cell shape
cel movements
intracellular transport process
spiral pattern
motor proteins
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dynein動力蛋白
move toward - end
myosin 肌凝蛋白
move along microfilaments
kinesin運動蛋白
move toward + end
introduction
prominent
members of ecosystem
2 groups
fungi
protists
slime molds黏菌, water molds
protozoa原生動物
unicellular, chemoorganotrophs
algae單細胞藻類
photosynthetic
common feature
membrane-delimited nuclei
membrane-bound organelles
intracytoplasmic membrane serve as transport system
使代謝作用增加表面積
more complex than prokaryotes in structure
secretory endocytic pathway
intricate organelles and vesicles to move materials
lysosomes
membrane-bound vesicles in most eukaryotes
intracellular digestion
contain hydrolases
maintain acidic environment to pump proton into interior
once this organelle is formed
contents digested→products as nutrients
resulting lysosome is called residual body,release contents to exterior,which is called lysosome secretion
endoplasmic reticulum(ER)
structure
irregular network
membranous tubules +flattened sacs=cisternae
RER vs. SER: ribosomes,
protein synthesis vs. lipid synthesis
continuous with outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
function
transportation within cell
ex. lipids,proteins,etc.
major site of cell membrane synthesis
Golgi apparatus
structure
cis-trans faces
dictyosomes= a stack of cisternae
function
modification
packaging
secretion
external structure
flagella
cilia
working like oars
ultrastucture
axoneme軸突
basal body基體
at base
direct synthesis
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endocytosis
Caveolin-dependent endocytosis
Clathrin-dependent endocytosis
autophagy
macropinocytosis
phagocytosis
