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Electricity and electronics (Electric energy (Recievers (Light bulbs,…
Electricity and electronics
electrical properties
Insulators
Semiconductors
Conductors
electrical resistence
Components of an electrical circuit
Receivers
Resistor
Bell
Motor
Light bulb
Control elements
Switch
Push button
Circuit switch
Generators
Batteries
Protection elements
Breaker switch
Earth-leakage circuit breaker
Fuses
Electric quantities
current
Measured in amperes or amps
I=Q / t
electric charge is measured in Coulomb
1C=6,25 X 10(18) Electrons
Curret is measured in ammeters
resistance
voltage
Voltmeter
Measured in volts
Electrical resistence
Ohm's Law
V=I · R
I=V / R
R=V / I
Types of circuit
Paralel circuits
same potential difference of each element
l f we connect several similar generators in parallel, they will supply the same voltage, but it will last longer
different current that flows through each branch
Mixed circuits
lnvariably, they maintain the current that flows through the elements in series, and the voltage of the elements in parallel.
To determine the equivalent resistance of the circuit, we calculate the partial resistance of each branch and combine them.
Series circuit
Identical current
Resistence
R=R1+R2+R3+...
Voltage
V=V1+V2+V3+...
Types of current
Direct current
Between the terminals of a battery there is a constant voltage that doesn't vary with time
the electrons always flow in the
same direction and with a steadv t.urrent
Alternating current
The positive and negative terminals are constantly changing inside the socket, also, the electrons don't circulate with the same level of current.
The voltage or tension that flows to our homes is known as an alternating signal
The electrons that flow through an appliance connected to a socket keep changing direction.
Obtain by power stations
The rms value of an alternating electric current is the value that a direct current should have to produce the same energy effect.
We can use transformers to increase or reduce the alternating voltage.This allows us to transport electric energy at very high levels of voltage without losing too much energy through the cables
Electric energy
The energy that a generator produces in order to maintain a current is consumed by the receivers.
If the current flowing through an electncal apphance is I, and itsoperaung voltage is V
then, the energy consumed by the appliance in a given time can be represented as follows:
E = V · I · t = I(2) · R · t
measured in joules (J).
Recievers
Light bulbs
Radiators
Motors
Electric power
Electric power is the capacity of an electric receiver to transform
energy in a fixed period of time.
Measured in Watts (W)
Effects of electric current
Heat
Light
Light bulbs
Fluorescent tubes
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic mechanisms
Basis of electromagnetism
All electric currents create magnetic fields
A changing magnetic field can produce an electric current
It's any appliance that can use electromagnetic effects ton produce electricity or convert it into mechanical energy
Electromagnetic generators
Dynamos
Alternators
Electric motors
Relays
Electronic components
Variable resistors
Thermistor
light dependent resistors
potentiometer
Capacitors
Fixed resistors
Diodes
Transistors
leads
base
emitter
collector