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SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS (What influences the drug effect (Method of…
SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS
Alcohol use disorder
Clinical picture
Effects on brain
Physical effects
Psychosocial effects
Psychoses
Causal factors
Biological
Neurobiology of addiction
Genetic vulnerability
Alcohol risk personality
Exposure and learning
Psychosocial
Failures in parental guidance
Psychological vulnerability
Stress, tension reduction and reinforcement
Expectations of social success
Marital/relationship crisis
Sociocultural
Religion
Cultural tradition of aggression
Geographic location
Treatment and outcomes
Psychological
Environmental intervention
Behavioural and CBT
Group therapy
Medications
Medications to block desire to drink
Naltrexone
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Medications to lower side effects of acute withdrawal
Valium
Alcoholics Anonymous
Opium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin)
Effects
Biological
Social
Causal factors
Treatment and outcomes
Stimulants
Amphetamines
Effects
Treatment and outcomes
Cocaine
Effects
Treatment and outcomes
Medication (methadone, naltrexone)
Improved self-concept
Methamphetamine
Caffeine
Nicotine
Hallucinogens
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
Mescaline and psilocybin
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Marijuana (cannabis)
Effects
Treatment
Sedatives (barbiturates)
Effects
Causal factors
Treatment and outcomes
Gambling disorder
Causes
Early trauma
Learning
Brain mechanisms
Treatment
CBT
Gamblers Anonymous
Addiction
Situational (availability, price, environment, acceptability, encouragement, learning, family, friends, culture)
Personal (to meet personal needs, and meaning in relationships)
Adaptational (physical belief, lifestyle adaptation)
What influences the drug effect
Method of use (oral, IV, smoke, sniff)
Purity and dosage of drug
Physical and psychological disposition
Expectations and experience
Social settings and peers
Physical setting
Individual degree of tolerance
Time of last use and withdrawal