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Fundamentalism (Islamic Fundamentalism (Islamic fundamentalism has been a…
Fundamentalism
Islamic Fundamentalism
Islam isn't just a religion, contains guidance on moral, political and economic behaviour for individuals and nations
Islamic fundamentalism isnt a belief in the literal truth of the Koran, rather a belief of its primacy over social life and politics. This would require an Islamic state, a theocracy, which is how Iran is run under Ayatollah Khomeini after the 1979 revolution.
Since the 90s a range of anti western jihdi groups have emerged, militant fundamentalists, such as al-Qaeda or ISIS.
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Key Figures
Ayatollah Khomeini
Architect of the Iranian 'Islamic Revolution and leader of Iran (1979-89). Saw the world as the oppressed (poor developing countries) and the oppressors (USA & Soviet Russia, Capitalism & Communism)
Osama Bin Laden
Leader of al-Qaeda, his primary struggle was the global war between good (Islam) and evil (USA). Wanted the defeat of all secular, materialist culture.
What is Fundamentalism?
"a series of parallel socioreligious movements in the modern world that accept the instrumental benefits of modernity but not its values" Bruce Lawrence
Accepts scientific & technology advances, rejects values such as secularism
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Fundamentalists use the wars and conflict of the last century and correlate that to the lack of scriptual guidance and the diminishing power of religion #
Teachings of Islamist Sayyid Qutb, prominent figure in the Islamist Egyptian Brotherhood, executed for radicalism in 1966
Modern world in disorder due to humanities rebellion against its status as a part of a unified order of nature, life and the universe
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Arises in troubled societies, afflicted by an actual or perceived identity crisis.
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Christian Fundamentalism
Key Figures
Jerry Falwell
US preacher & televangelist. Prominent figure in Southern Baptist Movement. "Pro-life, pro-family, pro-moral and pro-American." Helped wage a war on liberal values such as gay rights, feminism, welfare & black activists.
Ian Paisley
NI politician & founder of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster and leader of the DUP (1971-2008). Strong figure in Ulster Unionism, Paisleys supported have been successful in blocking political moves had the potential to unite Ireland.
The New Christian Right
Prominent in the USA. 60m US citizens claim to be 'born again' and half of these say they're fundamentalists Range of groups concerned with moral and social issues and want to maintain Christian culture.
Emerged due to the huge increase in the public sphere post WW2. (EG. SC ruling against prayers in schools) and Lyndon Johnsons 'Great Society', increase in welfare and urban development. Many 'God-fearing' Americans felt traditional values were being threatened.
Prominence of groups representing blacks, women & homosexuals. Threatened 'Middle America'. Christian Right emerged for the restoration of 'traditional family values'.
Due to the decline of the role in religion in the West, fundamentalists accept they work in a pluralist and constitutional framework. Instead of establishing a theocracy, like Islamic fundamentalists, they focus on singular issues or general moral crusading.
Due to Regan's embracing the Christian Right agenda, it has been an influential component of the Republican Party, placing just as much emphasis on moral issues as it did usual ones, such as the economy or foreign policy.
Post-Secularism
John Grey
Argues the three main ideologies of the 20th CE, Marxism, Nazism & Neo-conservatism are radical Enlightenment projects consisting of a search for meaning and purpose without any theological implications. They share three Utopian traits that are Christian at heart.
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Human perfectibility
Human nature is malliable, negative traits can be removed via conditioning
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