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Biomimicry and Green Chemistry (Examples (Shark Scales --> Swimming…
Biomimicry and Green Chemistry
Biomimicry
Biomimicry aims at solving the problems of mankind by studying and imitating design elements and creature characteristics that can be seen in nature.
Gecko Tape: - It is stronger tape than normal tape. Characteristic of Gecko japonicas are used for making this tape.
Whale power: It is a wind turbine; the idea of this turbine is based on fin of whale. Whale uses their fins for swimming and it is strong and fast.
Green Chemistry
Green Chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and/or generation of hazardous substances. It doesn’t harm to the nature.
Main Goal
Citizen Pressure
Regulations
Industry Adoption
Course Demand
Principle
Design for Energy Efficiency
Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.
Use of Renewable Feedstocks
A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable.
Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.
Reduce Derivatives
Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/ deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.
Designing Safer Chemicals
Chemical products should be designed to affect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.
Catalysis
Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.
Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses: Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.
Design for Degradation
Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.
Atom Economy: Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.
Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention
Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.
Prevention: It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.
Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.
Help to Reduce or Eliminate
Less energy and waste
Doens't harm nature
Have a practical use
Examples
Shark Scales --> Swimming suit
Aritifical Organ
Mytilus coruscus ---> strong glue
Light of Luciola Cruciata --> LED
Hook structure --> Velcro Tape