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Impact of Traffic Congestion on people and the environment (Human (Reduced…

- - - - definition of productivity
      - link to time spent on activities that bring about economic benefit
    - - Increased time commuting
      - lesser productive work
    - - link to inefficient transport system
      - economic loss as a country
    - - Philippines, S$70 million loss per day
    - - Time is money
      - lesser activities that bring about economic benefit
  - - - Point
        
        Define physical health
      - Explanation
        
        Longer time spent commuting
        
        Negative effect on physical health
      - Elaboration
        
        Link to effects of traffic congestion on physical health
        
        Fumes/heart disease
        
        Fatigue
      - Evidence
        
        Study in 2012, USA, showed that commuting eats up exercise time
      - Link
        
        Lesser productivity, lower economic benefit
    - - Elaboration
        
        Causes stress and frustration levels to increase
        
        Road rage and accidents
      - Evidence
        
        Study showed that stress is a "killer disease"
        
        Causes diseases
      - Explanation
        
        Longer time spent commuting
        
        Negative effect on mental health
      - Link
        
        Lesser productivity, lower economic benefit
      - Point
        
        Define mental health
- - - - Define noise pollution
    - - Contributing factors to noise
    - - Noise pollution can trigger illnesses
      - Causes anxiety
    - - In Kolkata, India, studies have shown that every 5 seconds, someone honks their car. Each honk is 65 decibels, more than the lawful limit of 55 decibels
    - - Noise pollution affects not only the environment, but also human productivity (link back to reduced productivity)
  - - - How do cars contribute to smog and smog's harmful effects
    - - Study by USEPA showed that half of US's pollution was caused by cars
      - smog can reduce life expectancies by 15 years
    - - greenhouse gases and how they affect Earth
    - - Causes degradation to our air quality
      - worsens human health
    - - Definition of air pollution and its harmful effects