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HB Late Adulthood (Theories of social and personality development…

- - - - sense that one has lived a useful life
      - how his/her life has been lived
      - the opportunities gained and lost
        (psychologically)
      - The Process of Reminiscence (ways in achieving ego integrity) (not be Erikson)
        
        Reminiscence
        
        reflecting or thinking about the past
        
        Life Review
        
        evaluative process in which elders make judgment about past behavior
        
        :star: successfully balanced both positive and negative emotions throughout life review :arrow_right:better mental health
      - the preparation of death and accepting its imminence
      - the choices he/she has made
    - - hopelessness
      - too little time to make changes
  - - - slightly greater satisfaction with themselves
      - healthiest life
      - highest morale
  - - - fewer interaction and social roles
    - - less governed by strict rules or expectations
      - actively disengage from roles and relationships
- - - - “looking old” can lead to negative stereotypes about competence
      - “ageism” applied to older women more than men (=/= discrimination)
    - - daily routines
      - risk of isolation or alienation
  - - - modifying private residence to satisfy the changing needs
      - changing normal environment is more preferable than moving into an institution
      - comprehensive “home-based” care has strong positive effects on elder’s physical and mental health
    - - “Filial piety”
        
        cultural belief that children have duty to take
        care of elderly parents
        
        common feature of Asian cultures (live with children are less depressed)
        
        “Filial piety” (affection and attachment)
        
        elder (esp male) depend on children for financial help often experience emotional distress
  - - - loyalty, familiarity, companionship, and mutual investment
    - - men remarry at higher rates
      - older men more likely to date
  - - - 85% see at least one child at least once a week
      - give and receive social and financial support with children
      - sense of well-being
      - childless older couples are just as happy as those who have children
    - - contact with grandchildren declines as they become adults
      - become more important with age
      - not practical assistance
      - emotional support
- - - - e.g., grandma will wake up later even she is dead
      - personal life experiences help understand death
    - - Understand permanence and universality of death
    - - inevitable
      - false believe that death is a pleasurable experience
  - - - sense of unique invulnerability prevents intense fear of death
      - increased fear of death follow by open discussion of the process of dying
      - sudden loss of a loved one often shakes young adult ideas about death and invulnerability
  - - - role of elder in the family structure
      - time left until death instead of time lived since birth
  - - - older adults worry more about the loss of time to complete inner
        work
- - - - terminal drop for psychological health
      - drop in memory and learning
      - less emotional, introspective, and aggressive; more conventional, dependent and warm
- - - - ew minutes after the heart stops pumping, breathing stops, no evidence of brain activity but resuscitation still possible
      - e.g. close the eyes by a nurse
    - - eg.vegetative
    - - “Decedent treated” by others
  - - - cared by family members and support by specially trained health care workers
    - - cared by specially trained health care
        workers in a home-based settings
    - - provide “palliative care” :medical care
      - cared by hospital personnel,
        with daily involvement of family members