immunity
innate
time span
inheritance
potency
specificity
response
memory
activity type
diversity of response
components
physical barriers (first line of defense) - skin, mucous membranes and secretion, normal flora
chemical barriers (second line of defense) - innate immune cells, inflammation, complement, antimicrobial substances
phagocytic cells - leukocytes, neutrophils, macrophages
natural killer cells
complementary proteins
active since birth
active all the time, ready to combat as soon as a foreign body enters human system
immediate response
limited
once activated against a specific type of antigen, the immunity remains throughout the life
inherited from parents and passed to offspring
recognize all types of pathogen
no memory
low
adaptive
time span
lifelong or short
inheritance
cannot be inherited
potency
extremely high
specificity
highly specific
response
delayed response
memory
identify specific cells on each exposure
activity type
develops over time
normally in silent mode and become active only when the antigen is identified
diversity of response
high
components
cell mediated immunity - T cells
humoral immunity
plasma cells
B cells
suppressor T cells
cytotoxic T cells
helper T-cells
dendritic cells (innate) 
bridge between innate and adaptive immunity
5) the DC matures and stops phagocytic activities
4) cytokines produced by macrophages influence the DC development
3) the DC samples the tissue environment and detects pathogens through its Toll-like receptors
2) the DC has cytoplasmic processes that increase the surface area for antigen capture
6) MHC class II molecules and costimulatory molecules are expressed at the DC surface
1) chemokines guide an immature DC to the site of infection
7) the mature DC is equipped to interact with, and activate, cells of the adaptive immune system
functions
process and present antigens and therefore initiate adaptive immune responses
serve as sentinel cells and activate innate defenses when needed
regulate adaptive immunity by determining whether an antigen will trigger an antibody or a cell-mediated response
complement is also the functional bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses that allows an integrated host defense to pathogenic challenges
Connection between innate and adaptive immunity
All process involves few cells as prequisite
Natural killer T -cells
Natural killer cell
γδ T cells
Innate lymphoid cells
Activation of innate immunity is a prerequisite for an adaptive immune response to an antigen
The innate system induces key costimulator molecules on APC, which are essential for antigen-driven clonal expansion of T and B cells
These molecules serves as adjuvants induction of the adaptive immune system
Induction of adaptive immunity not only depends on direct antigen recognition by the antigen receptors, but also relies on essential signals that are delivered by the innate immune system