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Respiration System (Respiration (Definition (Process of obtaining O2 from…
Respiration System
Respiration
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internal respiration
- gas exchange btw blood & the body cells
- Glucose + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy
external respiration
- obtaining O2 from the external environment into the blood & removing CO2 from the blood
Rate of diffusion
Fick's Law of Diffusion R=D×A (∆P/d)
- R- rate of diffusion (amount of gas per unit)
- D- diffusion constant
- A- Area over which diffusion takes place
- ∆P- Partial pressure/ concentration difference between 2 sides of the barrier to diffusion
- d- Distance across which diffusion takes place
R can be increased if:
- ↑ area (A) of respiratory surface
- ↑ difference in concentration (∆P) on either side of respiratory surface
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Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve 
- the sigmoid shape of O2 dissociation curve shows the cooperative binding (hemoglobin hv > ability to bind O2) of O2 to 4 polypeptide chains.
- changes in temperature, pH & organic phosphates like DPG directly effect the dissociation of oxyhemoglobin
- at ↑ partial pressure of O2, hemoglobin (in lungs) binds to O2 to form oxyhemoglobin
- blood is saturated (oxyhemoglobin) travel to tissues deprived of O2, the partial pressure of O2 ↓
Oxygen transport
O2 + hemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin
- small % (>2%) dissolve in n=blood plasma
CO2 transport
CO2 undergo modification- bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)[~60%]
- smaller % ofCO2 bound to protein (e.g.: Hemoglobin + CO2 = Carbiminohemoglobin) [~20%]
- even smaller % CO2 dissolve in blood plasma [~10%]