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INTRO CELL SIGNALLING (LO's: (Describe different mechanisms of…
INTRO CELL SIGNALLING
LO's:
Describe different mechanisms of signalling
List the 4 main types of receptor
Describe signal transduction pathways
Explain the process of receptor desensitisation
Signalling types:
Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine
Via blood
RECEPTOROME
Part of genome that encodes receptors
20% of genome
Receptors
Cell surface - membrane spanning
Types:
GPCR
Type 2
Receptor protein kinase
Ion channel
Type 1
For neurotransmitters
Sub-types:
Voltage-gated
Ligand-gated
Mechanically gated
Transmembrane scaffold
Guanylyl cyclase
Intracellular
How efficiency is generated
Different cells respond to different levels of signal
Many cells respond to same signal
Often differently
G-proteins
Heterotrimeric
Contains:
Alpha sub-unit
moves along membrane and activates effector system
Adenylyl cyclase
CA2+
Regulation of Ion channels
MAPK pathways
Beta sub-unit
Gamma sub-unit
Function:
Regulate cell behaviour
Apoptosis
Survive
Proliferate
LIGAND
Molecule that bind to a receptor