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Chapter 12: Industry and Services (Industry and Services (Services (core…
Chapter 12: Industry and Services
Industries
Primary
"At the source" ground level
Secondary
manufacturing/processing/production of goods
Tertiary
service sector
Quaternary
processing and manipulation of capital/finance
Quinary
research/design; complex decision making
Theories
Marshall
"localization" (soon to be renamed agglomeration)
pioneer
Weber: Least Cost Theory
reducing transport costs
reducing labor costs
agglomoration
Lösch: Zone of Profit
income surpasses cost
Globalization
Four Tigers
Hong Kong
Singapore
Taiwan
South Korea
China
Break-of-Bulk
one mode of transport is switched to another
Intermodal Connection
place where < 1 mode of transport
Offshoring
Industry and Services
pop. explosion
urbanization
Deindustrialization
Rust Belts
high unemployment
offshoring
automation
capital/innovations (e.g. steam engine)
Hearth: Great Britain
Services
core process (Rostow Stage 5)
high-tech corridors
technopoles
Rostow stages 3 and 4
Production Methods
Fordist
Production all at one site
mass production
assembly line
Post-Fordist
just-in-time delivery
flexible system
break-of-bulk points
offshoring/outsourcing
vertical integration: owning all links on chain
horizontal integration: owning one of many links