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War Ends (Manhattan Project (Nagasaki (The Allies threatened Japan with…
War Ends
Manhattan Project
Nagasaki
The Allies threatened Japan with “prompt and utter destruction” if the nation did not surrender, but the Japanese did not reply. Truman then ordered the military to drop the bomb.
August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb, code-named “Little Boy,” on Hiroshima, an important industrial city.
Hiroshima
the United States dropped another atomic bomb, code-named “Fat Man,” on the city of Nagasaki, killing between 35,000 and 74,000 people.
Faced with such massive destruction and the shock of the Soviets joining the war, Hirohito ordered his government to surrender. On August 15, 1945—V-J Day—Japan surrendered. The long war was over.
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Terms for Surrender
American demand for unconditional surrender. Many Japanese leaders were willing to surrender, but on one condition: Hirohito had to stay in power.
United States was almost ready to test a new weapon that might force Japan to surrender without any conditions. The new weapon was the atomic bomb
Shortly after the United States captured Okinawa, the Japanese emperor, Hirohito, urged his government to find a way to end the war. The biggest problem was the American demand for unconditional surrender.
Japan is Defeated
Battle of Iow Jima
By the time the B-29s reached Japan, they did not have enough fuel left to fix their navigational errors or to adjust for high winds. The pilots needed an island closer to Japan so the B-29s could refuel. American military planners chose Iwo Jima
The marines crawled inland, attacking the Japanese bunkers with flamethrowers and explosives. More than 6,800 marines were killed capturing the island.
Fire Bombing Japan
The use of firebombs was very controversial because the fires would also kill civilians; however, LeMay could think of no other way to destroy Japan’s war production quickly
By the end of June 1945, Japan’s six key industrial cities had been firebombed. By the end of the war, the B-29s had firebombed 67 Japanese cities.
Invasion of Okinawa
the United States needed a base near Japan to stockpile supplies and build up troops. Iwo Jima was small and still too far away. Military planners chose Okinawa
To dig the Japanese out of their caves and bunkers, the American troops had to fight their way up steep slopes against constant machine gun and artillery fire. by June 22, 1945, Okinawa had finally been captured.
The War Ends in Europe
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Battle of the bulge
the Germans caught the American defenders by surprise. As the German troops raced west, their lines bulged outward, and the attack became known as the Battle of the Bulge
United States had won the Battle of the Bulge. On January 8, the Germans began to withdraw, having suffered more than 100,000 casualties. They had very few resources left to prevent the Allies from entering Germany.
WWII: A Turning Point
The war also opened a new era in American history. The American economy was undamaged, and by the mid-1940s it was producing over 35 percent of the entire world's gross domestic product.
Although World War II had put an end to Nazism, the struggle had left Europe divided, and the resulting tensions between former allies would soon lead to a new international conflict known as the Cold War.