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RESPIRATION (TYPES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS (CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION…
RESPIRATION
DEFINITION
PROCESS OBTAINING OXYGEN FROM EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AT ONCE ELIMINATING CARBON DIOXIDE
IMPORTANCE
REGULATE
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
OXIDISING FOOD MOLECULES ( O2 - OXIDIZING AGENT )
OXYGEN IS REQUIRED TO CATALYSE FOOD INTO ENERGY
ELIMINATE CO2
TYPES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
BODY SURFACE-RESPIRATION
Phyla Cnidaria
CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION
Annelida
Amphibian
As supplementary respiration system
TRACHEAL TUBE SYSTEM
Phyla Cnidaria
BOOK LUNG
Arachnid
GILLS
Gas exchanges in gills of fish
In Chordata
Internal Gills
Buccal cavity and Opercular cavity
Constantly pump water
Limitations:
Do not work on land
Gill filaments collapse in less buoyant air
Large surface area exposed to dry air
To maximize rate of diffusion:
Thin gills
Feather-like arrangement
Counter current system
External Gills
Chordata, Larval fish, amphibians & some adult salamander
To maximize rate of diffusion:
Thin gills
Feather-like arrangement
Limitation:
Must in constant motion
Delicate tissue
Small size
OXYGEN TRANSPORTATIONS
CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORTATION
OXYHEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE
FACTORS AFFECTING OXYGEN BINDING
Temperature
pH
Organic Phosphates
Other: altitude, free radicals, carbon monoxide
RESPIRATORY GAS EXCHANGE
THROUGH SIMPLE DIFFUSION
GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN DIFFERENT MEDIUM FOLLOWS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
RATE OF DIFFUSION ACCORDING TO
FICK'S LAW OF DIFFUSION
MAXIMIZING RATE OF DIFFUSION BY :
Increase respiratory surface area
Increase difference in concentration of gases
Decrease the distance travel by gas
