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MOTIVATION (Element (level of effort (how hard to work on), persistence of…

- - - - people have self-direction, no need force
      - naturally motivated to work hard, responsible
    - - Maslow' Hierarchy of needs (1943)
        
        but might not sufficient and vague
        
        self-actualisation > esteem > social-interpersonal > safety > physiological
      - Alderfer ERG theory (1943)
        
        Growth (self-actualisation)
        
        existence (physiological)
        
        relatedness (social and external esteem
        
        No need to address separately, they happen simultaneously
      - Hertzberg's Motivation-hygiene model
        
        Hygiene: (factor prevent quitting job like pay)
        
        Motivators: motivates do a good job (enjoy job)
  - - - threat of punishment induce the commitment
      - people dislike work, and avoid responsibility
    - - Taylor (economic)
        
        pinciple
        
        structure: high degree specialisation in sub-task
        
        reward: base on performance
        
        money=happiness
      - Tournament Theory (economic)
        
        base on chance of winning substantial reward (lottery mentality)
        
        assume most work done by middle managers & employees
      - money isn't everything
        
        money is not equal to motivation for everyone
        
        poor link between money and performance
        
        reward must be substantial (at leat 7%)
- - - - feedback
      - specific
      - hard
    - - specific
      - measurable
      - action-oriented
      - reasonable
      - time-bound (feedback)