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Socio-economic Position (SEP) (Measures of income (Measuring Income in…
Socio-economic Position (SEP)
The social and economic factors that influence what positions individuals or groups hold within the structure of a society
Measures of SEP
may highlight changes to population structures over time, between Census periods or between generations
needed to help understand the relationship between health and other social variables e.g. age, sex, ethnicity
are used to quantify the level of inequality within or between societies
associated with health and life chances for as long as social groups have existed
Measures of income
Measuring Income in Surveys
Personal income
Absolute vs categorical measures
Due to sensitivity tend to use categorical measures
Can be a sensitive issue - reporting bias common
Household income
Useful indicator for women, who may not be the main income earners
Should be 'equivalised' for comparisons between populations
Requires information on family size, dependents etc.
Process similar to age-standardisation
Inclusive way to measure income and hence SEP
Most directly measure the material resources aspect of SEP
Have a dose-response association with health - link to Preston curve
Have a cumulative effect over life course
Have greatest potential to change over short duration
Education
Measuring education
Attempts to measure knowledge-related assets of an individual
Can be categorical variable
Educational attainment, milestones
Specific achievements are important in determining SEP
Can be continuous variable
Years in (completed) education
Time in education considered more important than achievements
Measures of Education
Capture transitions from parent's SEP to personal SEP