Instructional Approaches
Behaviorism #
Constructivism #
Advantages
Teachers play an active role in shaping desired behavior
Behavior can be modified by adding or removing a stimuli/reinforcer
Disadvantage
Learning can become focused on the reward
Behavior needs to be reinforced or punished continually
Advantages
Disadvantages
Strengthened by social interactions
Can be enhanced with prior knowledge (positive transfer)
Previous learning/experience can negatively impact new learning (negative transfer) #
Is time-consuming
Advantages
Disadvantages
Best Teaching Practices
Teaching Practices to Avoid
Disadvantages
Advantages
Posits that information is processed in fixed stages.
Encourage social interactions (frequent group work, discussions, etc)
Connect learning to students' personal experience and/or prior learning
Give students frequent opportunities for reflection
Provide rewards fairly and when appropriate
Reward all behavior indiscriminantly
Place emphasis on reward or punishment (i.e. emphasize the grade over the learning)
Supports extrinsically motivated students students
Supports students with high need for achivement
Does not support intrinsically motivated students
Does not support students with a low need for achivement
Supports reflective learners
Supports intrinsically motivated students
Does not support impulsive learners
Relies on students' desire to learn; does not support extrinsically motivated students
Supports reflective learners #
Teachers can use stages of the informaiton processing theory to help students organize & retrieve information.
Students can enhance learning through metacognition
Is greatly impacted by previously formed memory, or lackthereof
Effective learning requires time and reflection
Information needs to be accessed regularly or it will be forgotten
Is not as effective for impulsive learners #
Self-actualization cannot occur unless deficiency needs are met
Many deficiency needs fall outside the realm of the classroom
Teachers can help students grow by providing and encouraging appropriate choices #
Provide a safe, supportive environment for students to explore
Emphasize danger of failure
Teachers play an extremely important role in helping students develop self-esteem #
Teachers can increase self-efficacy in students
Can, theoretically, support all types of learners.
One class will have a wide range of needs that have to be met individually
Do my best to support programs that meet all students' needs including backpack programs, free breakfast, etc.