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Emotional Processes (Universal Emotions (anger, disgust, sadness, fear,…
Emotional Processes
Universal Emotions
anger
disgust
sadness
fear
happiness
surprise
Independent of culture
Sex Difference
women outperform men when determining emotion from nonverbal cues
woman say they are open to emotions
men self described as not as emotional
within sex difference is far greater than between sex difference(see bell curves)
Psychological Model
expressive behavior
cognitive appraisal
physiological processes
Emotions
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complex reactions that engage our bodies and minds at multiple levels
evolved to promote social communication and survival
have own physiological signature
Evidence to Universal Emotions
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Study1
Preliterate and literate cultures
actors pose and pictures are shown to others to guess the emotion
judgments of emotions were similar across cultures
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New Guinea tribesmen asked to portray emotions to situations
pictures shown to American college students
they closely match the emotions
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blindness,deafness continued
same emotions
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Cerebral Lateralization
more left hemp-happier
more positive emotions
more right hemp-less happy
more negative emotions
Affective style
dispositional readiness to experience positive or negative emotions
Right prefrontal activation
Decrease in Natural Killer cells in response to stress(reduced immune functionings
higher plasma cortisol levels
recovers slower (when see bad thing takes longer to get over)
can't turn off negative feelings
Cultural Dependencies
display rules
Experiment: lab coats nearby and lab coats gone-Japanese more constricted that Americans
affect expression more than experience
Face
Critical for expressing emotion
Genuine vs. Ingenuine
To be genuine :need Zygomatic Major and Orbiculanis Oculi