Helminths
Nematodes (roundworms)
Cestodes (tapeworms)
Trematodes (flukes/flatworms)
larvae penetrate intact skin.
Necator, Ancyclostoma [hookworm]
transmitted via bloodsucking
fly and mosquito vectors.
Wuchereria, Brugia [lymphatic filarial nematodes]
Taenia saginata [beef]
Echinococcus granulosus [dog]
Taenia solium [pork]
Fasciola hepatica [Common liver fluke]
Clonorchis sinensis [Chinese liver fluke]
Schistosoma
Paragonimus westermani [Lung fluke]
.
faecal-oral transmission: ingestion of ova
Trichuris trichiura [whipworm]
Enterobius vermicularis [pinworm / threadworm]
Ascaris lumbricoides
Onchocerca, Loa-Loa [filarial nematodes]
Adult worms develop in intestine, shed ova.
Adults develop in intestine, ova hatch. Rhabditiform larvae ova shed in faeces.
Adults develop in intestine [humans, dogs, cats]. Ova shed in faeces.
Adults develop in tissues and lymphatics
Strongyloides stercoralis
Intestinal schistosomiasis
Urinary schistosomiasis
S. haematobium
S. mansoni
S. japonicum
S. intercalatum
S. mekongi
Helminths what to know:
- Life cycles
a.Intermediate hosts
b.Geographic limitations
i)Travel history
c. Diagnosis - Manifestations
- (Treatment)
- Prevention
A. duodenale
N. Americanus
O. volvulus
Loa loa
W. bancrofti
B. malayi
B. timori