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Climate (hot desert (factors to form a desert (the presence of high…
Climate
hot desert
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factors to form a desert
the presence of high pressure, creating cloud-free conditions
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ocean currents
Oceans heat up/cool down slower than land
Hot ocean currents warm winters/
cold currents cool summers in coastal location
Altitude or height above sea level Temperatures on average decrease 1 degree Celsius for every 100 metres gained. This means that some places near the Equator e.g. the Andes in Ecuador can be covered in snow all year.
pressure system
air rises - convection
Wind is created by air moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
hot temperatures near the equator,
the land warms the air above which begins to rises.
As it rises it is pushed out towards the tropics where it begins to cool slowly and sink.
The sinking air then return towards the equator where there is low pressure. The rising air causes convectional rain near the equator.
However, because of the rain over the equator the air reaching the tropics is very dry creating arid desert like conditions.
latitude - distance from eqyuator
- Temperatures drop the further from the equator due to the earth's curvature
- closer to the poles, sunlight has to pass large SA of amosphere.
- more energy is lost → temp is colder.
deserts
climate
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soil: sandal,rocky
can't hold much water
wind : strong, dry out plants
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equatorial
tropical forest
soil
- red: high aluminum/ iron content
- deep soil
- leaching(mineral washed out) due to heavy rain
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water cycle
- convenctional rainfall: As the rainforest heats up, the water evaporates into the atmosphere and forms clouds to make the next day's rain
- prevent soil erosion
nutrient cycle
- rapid decomposition of dead matter
vegetation level
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canopy
upper part of most trees
leafy env.- home to insects, birds, mammals
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DEFORESTATION
CAUSE
Farming – Forest is cleared to set up subsistence farms or larger cattle ranches. ‘Slash and burn’ technique is often used to clear the forest.
Mineral Extraction – Minerals such as gold and iron ore are mined and sold. Trees are cut down to expose the ground, and to clear access routes.
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Population pressure – Trees are cleared to make new settlements as population increases and demand for space increases.
Road building – More settlements and industry lead to more roads being built, so trees are cleared to build them.
EFFECTS
envi.
1 Fewer trees
2 fewer habitats and food sources for animals and birds
3 reduced biodiversity as organisms move/die
1fewer plant
2heavy rain will wash it away → taking away with it the nutrients
2increased evaporation form soil → soil blown away by wind
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1 fewer trees
2 water is not removed from soil and evaporated
3 reduced cloud formation → rainfall
4 so overall climate is indirectly impacted.
1 less rainfall interception, absorption
2 more water reaches the soil
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- flooding
- reduced soil fertility → less likely that plant life can re-grow in area
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benefits
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prevent soil erosion
roots system hold soil together
less landslides, erosion
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