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Kontrol Organisasi dan Kesempatan (4 Steps in organization control…
Kontrol Organisasi dan Kesempatan
Levins force -field theory of change
Manager must find a way to increase the forces to change reduce resistance to change or do both
Investigates the balance
of power
Identify the key players
involved in decision making
Identify who is for
and against change
Identify ways to influence
those against change
Unfreezing:
Communicate, demonstrate, create awareness about the change
Change:
transition, training, support to keep uncertainty low
Refreezing
: make the new change a norm in the organization and make it status quo
Evolutionary Change
change that is gradual, incremental, and narrowly focused
Revolutionary Change
change is rapid, dramatic, and broadly focused
Bottom-Up Change
evolutionary approach in which managers at all levels work together to develop a detailed plan for change
Top-Down Change
revolutionary approach to change in which top managers identify what needs to be changed and then move quickly to implement changes throughout org
Pentingnya kontrol organisasi bukan hanya untuk keuntungan dalam organisasi atau perusahaan namun juga untuk produk dan jasa yang di hasilkan menjadi competitive adventage karena quality dan quantitiynya selalu terpantau dan terjaga.
Organizational control
process where manager monitor and regulate efficiently and effectively and organization and its members are performing the activities necessary to achieve organizational goals
Behavior control
direct supervision, management by objective, rules and standard operating procedures
Clan control
Values, norms and socialization.
Output Control
Financial measures of performance. Organizational goals and organizational budget.
4 Steps in organization control
Measure actual performance
Compare actual performance against chosen standards of performance
Establish the standers of performance, goals, or target against which performance is to be evaluated.
Evaluate the result and initiate corrective action if the standers is not being achieved.
Control System
A formal target-setting monitoring, evaluating and feedback system that provides managers with information about whether organizations strategy and structure are working efficiently and effectively.
Conversion stage
-Concurrent control, manage problem as they occur.
Output stage
-Feedback control, manage problems after they arise
Input
-Feedforward, anticipate problem before they arise (HR System)
4 steps in organizational change process
Decide on the change to make
:
Decide what the organization's ideal future state would be. identify obstacles for change
Implement the change.
Decide whether change will occur from the top down or from the bottom up. introduce and manage change.
Assess the need for change
: recognize that there is a problem. identify the source of the problem.
Evaluate the change.
Compare pre change performance with post change performance. use benchmarking.