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HIV/ AIDs in Africa (Responses to HIV/ AIDs. (Ghana (Stop AIDs, Love Life.…
HIV/ AIDs in Africa
Responses to HIV/ AIDs.
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Ghana
Stop AIDs, Love Life.
Strongly gendered responses.
Feeds into the conservative, anti-feminist narrative.
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Anti-retroviral drugs (ARV).
background
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Due to its geography, HIV can be 👀 as both a form of structural violence & globalisation.
Decosas, (1995) "HIV, like any other infection spread from person to person, will follow the movement of people."
HIV/ AIDs poses one of the most imminent threats to African security (UNDP, 1994).
Can lead to political instability (Barnett, 2006).
Compromises democratic transition.
Should not rush to conclusions of about national security threats or state breakdown (Barnett, 2006).
Eroding South Africa's electoral base & supply of parliamentarians (Barnett, 2006)?
The real security issue is how the world will react ≠the threat to a "homeland" (Barnett, 2006).
Similarities to the Black Death (Barnett, 2006).
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Geography of HIV/ AIDs
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Mobile workers (those who work far away from their permanent places of residence & unable to return home at the end of the day).
- Mining community.
- Truckers.
- Army (2-5x that of gen. pop.) = national security issue (lack of evidence).
Complicated geography.
Poverty & violence can be 👀 as both a help & a hinderance to the spread of HIV/ AIDs (McInnes, 2006).
Conflict is just one vector for the spread of the disease (McInnes, 2006).
Causes of HIV/ AIDs
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Economic.
Linked to poverty (Whitseide, 2002). - Contentious.
Work in cell-biology 👀 link between malnutrition & parasitic infection (Whiteside, 2002).
Most proximate cause is biological, next is behavioural (sex-workers & mobile workers).
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$ growth may cause change that encourages HIV spread but so does $ decline (Whitehead, 2002)
- Issues of national debt..
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Macro-$ impacts.
Traditional models miss many effects (Whiteside, 2006).
- Unmeasurable & relational goods.
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Proximate cause of AIDs is HIV, broader societal underlying causes are also at play (poverty).
Impacts of HIV/ AIDs.
Development crisis (Whiteside, 2006).
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Declining mortality rates (Whiteside, 2006).
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Long-wave event (Barnett, 2006).
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$ impacts across SSA (Dixon et al, 2002).
HIV/ AIDs reduces labour supply & productivity, reduces exports & increases imports (Dixon et al, 2002).
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Susceptibility (factors influencing high prevalence rates) ≠vulnerability (the extent to which a country is affected by these prevalence rates).
Vulnerability is determined by1) social cohesion & 2) distribution of wealth & income ≠susceptibility.
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