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Chapter 13: Problem solving and Intelligence (Problem solving (Goal…
Chapter 13: Problem solving and Intelligence
Problem solving
begins by deciding on a goal
then seeks steps that will lead to that goal
is a process
Goal state
—the state you are working toward
The hill-climbing
strategy is to get closer to goal
Operators
—available tools or actions
Creativity
Creativity
is related to both reasoning and problem solving
Existing knowledge makes creativity possible
Existing knowledge may constrain creativity
Motivation:
need for novel, varied, and complex stimulation
need to communicate ideas and values
need to solve problems
Defining the Problem
Principle of Test Construction
1.Standardization
2.Reliability
3.Validity
Stereotype threat
"Boys aren't creative
"
"Girls are bad at math"
Can have a negative impact on performance
Intelligence
IQ tests assess narrow domains of expertise
Book smarts versus street smarts
Tests are culturally biased
Schooling vs. innate ability
Test scores improve with instruction
