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human development across a lifespan (adulthood Erikson's view of…
human development across a lifespan
prenatal development
the germinal stage(the first two weeks)
the embryonic stage(2 weeks to 2 months)
the fetal stage(2 months through birth)
environmental factors in prenatal development
maternal nutrition
stres and emotion
drug use
alchohol consumption
maternal illness
environmental toxins
fetal origins of adult disease
motor development
progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities
maturation
development that reflects the gradual unfolding of ones genetic blueprint . genetically programmed physical changes that come with age rathe than experience
developmental norms
indicate the typical age at which individuals display various behaviors/ abilities . just useful benchmarks
attachment
harry harlow
separation anxiety: emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed close bonds with
patterns of attachment
secure attachment
anxious ambivalent attachment
avoidant attachment
language development
using words
receptive vocabulary
productive vocabulary
vocabulary spurt
fast mapping
overextension
under extension
telegraphic speech
over regularizations
cognitive development
Erikson's stage theory
each stage brings a psychosocial crisis
and personality is shaped by how each person deals with each crisis
a stage is a developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities are established
Piaget's Model
the sensorimotor period (birth to age2)
the pre operational period (2-7)
the concrete operational period (7-11)
the formal operational period (11- onward)
Evaluating Piaget's theory
underestimated young children's cognitive development
children often display patterns of thinking that are characteristic of several stages
the timetable that children follow in passing through the stages varies considerably across cultures
Lev Vygotsky's sociostructural theory
language acquisition plays a critical role in fostering cognitive development
development of moral reasoning
preconventional level
stage 1: punishment orientation
stage 2: naive reward orientation
conventional level
stage 3: good boy/girl orientation
stage 4: authority orientation
post conventional level
stage 5: social contract theory
stage 6: individual principles and conscience orientation
Adolescence
primary sex characteristics
secondary sex structures
puberty
menarche
spermarche
pubescence
adulthood
Erikson's view of adulthood
intimacy versus isolation
generativity versus self-absorption
integrity versus despair
adjusting to marriage
: 8-14% of newlyweds score in the distressed range on measures of marital satisfaction
adjusting to parenthood
parents exhibit lower marital satistaction
mothers of infants report the steepest decline in marital satistaction
the more children the lower the marital satisfaction
aging
physiological changes
neural changes
cognitive changes
death and dying
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
the search for identity
identity diffusion
identity foreclosure
identity moratorium
identity achievement