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Ideal gases (Boyle's law (Boyle's law can be investigated using a…
Ideal gases
Boyle's law
At a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional
If the volume of a gas is reduced, the molecules will be closer together and will collide with each other and the walls of the container more often and the pressure will increase
A pressure/volume graph has the shape of a 1/x graph. The higher the temperature of the gas, the further the curve is from the origin
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Boyle's law can be investigated using a Bourdon pressure gauge, a tyre pump, oil and air in a sealed glass tube
The tyre pump can be used to increase the pressure of the oil, which causes the oil level to rise and the volume occupied by air in the tube to decrease
The pressure is recorded by the Bourdon gauge and the volume of the air can be recorded using the scale of the tube
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Charles's law
At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
When a gas is heated, the molecules gain kinetic energy so they move more quickly and further apart so the volume increases
Charles's law can be investigated using a capillary tube, thermometer and a drop of sulphuric acid
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Pressure law
At constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
When a gas is heated, the molecules gain kinetic energy. As they move faster, the molecules collide with each other and their container more often increasing the pressure inside the container
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What is an ideal gas?
A theoretical gas that obeys the gas laws and the equation of state for an ideal gas. They have no potential energy - their internal energy only depends on the kinetic energy