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Section 2: electricity currents and circuits (symbols (closed switch, open…
Section 2: electricity currents and circuits
symbols
closed switch
open switch
cell
battery
diode
resistor
variable resistor
bulb
fuse
voltmeter
ammeter
thermistor
light-dependant resistor (LDR)
buzzer
units
ampere (A)
coulomb (C)
Joule (J)
ohm (Ω)
second (s)
volt (V)
watt (W)
power=charge x voltage
P=I xV
energy transferred=current x voltage x time
E=I x V x t
voltage=current x resistance
V=I x R
Series circuits
different components connected in a line, end to end, between the positive and negative of the power supply
you can't control which component current flows through - it either flows through all the components, or none of them
when drawing a circuit diagram, all the components will be one after the other along the wire
if you remove or disconnect one component, the circuit is broken and they all stop
this isn't very handy, and in practice only a few things are connected in a series, e.g. fairy lights
parallel circuits
components can be operated separately
each component is separately connected to the positive ad negative of the supply
if you remove or disconnect one of them, it will hardly affect the others
in a circuit diagram, each component is on its own loop in the circuit. To add another component you just add a new loop
you can switch everything off separately
light switches in house are part of a loop circuit
more battery is needed to be distributed around the loops
