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Behavior (51.3:Environment,interacting w/ an animal's genetic makeup,…

- - - - Scientist: Tinbergen
        -Experiment: changed the location of pinecones for digger wasp to find it's nest
    - - Classical conditioning
      - Operant learning: trial and error
    - - cognition: ability to percieve, store, and process information gathered by sensory receptors
        
        cognitive ethology: study between animal's nervous system and behavior
- - - - secreting a hormone
      - learning
      - muscular activity
    - - proximate
        
        focuses on environmental stimuli that triggers a behavior
        
        "how" does the environment affect the animal genetically, physilgocially, anatomically
      - ultimate
        
        addresses evoluntionary significance of behavior
        
        "why" does natural selection select this
    - - Fixed Action Patterns: FAP : sequence of unlearned behavior that is unchangeable and is triggered by a sign stimulus
        
        Scientist: Tinbergen
        
        Experiment: 3-spinned stickleback fish
      - Imprinting: includes learning and innate and is generally irreversible
        
        has a sensitive period: limited phase in animal's development where certain behaviors can be learned
        
        Scientist: Konard
        
        Experiment: Geese
  - - - Karl von Frisch
      - Konard Lorenz
      - Niko Tinbergen
        
        came up w/ 4 questions to answer to understand behavior
        
        2 proximate
        
        1: what is teh mechanistic basis of the behavior, including chemical, anatomical, and physiological mechanisms?
        
        2: How does development of the animal, from zygote to mature influence the behavior?
        
        2 ultimate
        
        3: what is the evolutionary history of the behavior?
        
        4: How does the behavior contribute to survival and reproduction?
- - - - Directed Movements: clear role of genes in control of animal movements
        
        Kinesis: simple change in acitivity or turning rate in response to stimulus
        
        Taxis: more or less automatic
        
        positive taxis: movement toward
        
        negative taxis: away from stimulus
        
        Migration
      - Animal signals and communication
        
        Keywords:
        Signal: behavior that causes a change in another animal's
        Communication: interactions between indivudals
        
        Chemical communications: w/ pheromones
        
        Auditory Communications: in many species it's songs under different pressures
      - Genetic influences on mating and parental behavior