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DNA and Protein Synthesis (Protein Synthesis (Translaton (Ribosome reads…
DNA and Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
Synthesis of proteins from DNA into MRNA
Helicase enzyme unzips DNA
RNA Polymerase binds free nucleotides together producing a complimentary chain MRNA
MRNA leaves the nuclear pore and joins onto a ribosome
Translaton
Ribosome reads the MRNA
TRNA contains anticodon and brings the relevant amino acid to the ribosome
Transcription
MRNA is spliced removing the introns which are non coding parts of DNA
DNA
Two polynucleotide strands which contain Genes which are sections of DNA that code proteins which have specific functions
Human Body has 46 Chromosomes
During interphase when DNA is replicated chromosomes are formed into two chromatids and joined in the centre via a centromere
Triplet codes are what codes for amino acids
Some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon (degenerate)
Code is universal and non overlapping
RNA structure
Two Types of MRNA:
Transport RNA
Contains an anticodon which is a triplet code opposite to the bases on the MRNA and an amino acid
made of about 80 nucleotides with one end longer than the other which provides an easy attachment point for the aminoacid
Each TRNA is specific to one amino acid
Messenger RNA
Long single strand of Nucleotides with a single helix and acts as a template for protein synthesis
Genome is the Complete set of genes in a cell including any in mitochondria and chloroplasts
DNA Contains all genetic information RNA is a single stranded molecule which is responsible for transporting the information
Proteome is the complete set of proteins that a genome can produce
Base pairing slightly different as Thymine is replaced with Uracil
Phenotype is the gene that is expressed Genotype is the complete genetic make up of an individual