Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and intestines accompanying…
Gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and intestines accompanying numerous gastrointestinal disorders)
Characteristic of stool
-
-
-
dry, small, rocky-hard masses -> constipation
Diarrhoea (increased frequency of defecation, volume & the fluidity of feces)
-
-
-
Mechanisms
Secretory Diarrhoea
-
-
common cause is bacterial enterotoxin, impaired autonomic contol
-
-
-
Bacterial diarrhoea (self-limiting, resolve in less than 2 weeks)
-
Causes of diarrhoea
-
-
-
-
Bacterial & vital infection(e.g. Salmonella, Shigella, Rotavirus, Norovirus
Gastrointestinal irritation (e.g. food poisoning, mesications (antibiotic-associated), chemical, radiation
-
Causes
bacterial/vital invasion, bacterial enerotoxins
Clinical manifestations
-
diarrhoea
2-20 times/ day; loose watery stool, greenish/ yellow-green, may contain pus, blood, expelled with force
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mental status (irriability and restlessness, weakness)
-
Risk factors
age-> increase sevreity in young age due to ECF volume is relatively larger in the infant and young child & relatively smaller nutritional reserve
-
-
-
Environment (overcrowding, poor sanitation, improper food storage)
Causative organsims
Bacteria: E.coli, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter jejuni, cholera
-
-
-
-
Nursing assessment
-
nature & frequency of stools, colour and consistency
-
-
-
Management
- treatment for infection (metronidazole, vancomycin IV)
- Treatment for dehydration
for mild to moderate dehydration (5%) -> oral rehydration, additional fluid after each liquid bowel movement
-
x dilute fruit juice, soft drinks
-
-
-
electrolyte balance: serum sodium level: 135-145 mEq/L; Hypernatremia (an excess of sodium in relation to water, usually associated with fluid loss
- bowel rest & medication (decrease colonic transit)
-
- Resuming adequate nutritional intake
-
chronic diarrhoea, bloody diarrhoea, or secretory diarrhoea -> avoid milk products containing lactose
- preventing spread of infection
-
-
-
-
- Community and home care considerations
-
-
be excluded from day care center until the diarrhoea resolves-> stool culture: two cultures from two different stools are negative for these organisms