Developmental Psychology
Nature vs. Nurture
genetic disposition vs. environment on our maturation process
Continuity and Stages
Jean Piaget
COGNITIVE DVPMT
schema (a concept/framework)
assimilation
accomodation
4 Stages
Sensorimotor, Preop, Concrete Op, Formal Op
Sensorimotor Stage
0-2 yrs
sensory impressions/motor activities
looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping
develop: object permanence (awareness that things continue), stranger anxiety
Preoperational Stage
2-6/7 yrs
represents things w/ words/images
symbolic thinking
using intuitive rather than logical reasoning
develop: pretend play, egocentrism
Concrete Operational
6/7- 11 yrs
thinking logically
grasps concrete analogies, performs arithmetical operations
develops: (masters) conservation, mathematical transformations
Formal Operational
12 yrs- adulthood
abstract reasoning/ logic
develops: potential for mature moral reasoning
Egocentrisim--> Theory of Mind (opposites)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)- impaired TOM
Erik Erikson
SOCIOCOG/ PSYCHOSOCIAL DVPMT
young children: BASIC TRUST, autonomy, initiative
School- age children: competence
Adolescence: search for identity
Adulthood: value and self worth
Lawrence Kohlberg
moral reasoning
Preconventional morality
before ago 9
self interest;obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards
Conventional morality
early adolescence
uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order
Postconventional morality
adolescence and beyond
actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles
Prenatal/ Newborn
zygote (fertilized egg, 2 week)
embryo (2 weeks to 2nd month)
fetus (9 weeks after conception to birth)
Teratogens
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Habituation
Infancy
Maturation
Pruning Process- "use it or lose it"
Lev Vygotsky
"thinking" in words
mind gros through social environment
talking to oneself increases ability to master new slkills
give children more words --> create scaffold from which children can step
"Zone of Proximal Development"
zone between what a child can and cannot do
Stability vs. Change
Stable: IQ, temperament, delayed gratification/ long term goals
Change: Growth, adolescence, personality, identity
Body Contact
Harry and Margaret Harlow
bred monkeys; wire mother w/ nourishment vs. cloth mother
Contact comfort proved to be more imp in monkeys-- and in humans
Familiarity
Critical Period... "sweet spot"
Imprinting
Mary Ainsworth
designer of "Strange Situation"
secure vs. insecure attatchment
Temperment
lack of serotonin in irritable babies
Self- Concept
"Who am I?"
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian
Permissive
*Authoritative
Collective (family/community focused) vs. Individualistic (independence, personal) Societies
Gender Dvpmt
Agression
women = more indirect... gossip
Power
men= directive/ autocratic
women= democratic
gender role
gender identity
Social Learning Theory
learn social behavior by observing/imitating and by being rewarded/punished
gender typing
transgender
Identity
Social identity
the "we" aspect of our self-concept
intimacy
Erik Erikson
Sexual Dvpmt
46 chromosomes
x
y
Puberty= when capable of reproducing
primary sex characteristics
make sexual reprod. possible
secondary sex characteristics
nonprod. sexual traits... breasts, hips, male voice quality, body hair
menarche
1st menstrual period
STDs
Studies
Cross-Sectional
diff ages
Longitudinal
studied and tested over a long period
social clock
culturally preferred timing of social events... marriage, parenthood, retirement