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Syntax (combination of words (for the creation of phrase, clauses and…

- - - - to separate two sentences
      - use them to set off an appositive
      - use commas after introductory words
      - do not overuse them
    - - Adjectives and adverbs can be used in
        
        superlative form
        
        comparative form
        
        base form
      - Prepositions with nouns or pronouns to make phrases
      - Articles and nouns together
      - Sentences must start with capital letters and finish with punctuation marks
      - verb tenses must be consistent
      - subject and verb must agree in number
      - a sentences must have a subject and a verb (in that order)
    - - Structure = word order
      - Syntatyc categories
        
        are divided in
        
        Parts of speech
        
        determiner, adjective, verb, etc
        
        Phrase structure grammars
        
        noun phrase, adjetive phrase, etc
        
        Sentence
        
        core of the structure
        
        Sintatyc labels
        
        Adjective = Adj Preposition = P Phrasal verb = PV et all...
      - Group of words grammatically arranged
        
        there are five types
        
        Verb phrase
        
        verb is the headword of the phrase
        
        Adjective phrase
        
        phrase that modifies a noun
        
        noun phrase
        
        built upon a noun which is the head
        
        preposition phrase
        
        the phrase begins with the preposition as the head
        
        adverb phrase
        
        adverb as the headword of the phrase
    - - Group of related words containing a subject and a verb
        
        they are divided in
        
        dependent
        
        they can't stand by itself
        
        they depend on something else
        
        they are also called subordinate clauses
        
        adjective, adverbs or nouns
        
        independent
        
        can stand by itself and still makes sense
      - commas
        
        essential
        
        no comas, it is not necessary
        
        Ex: every player who hits a homerun receives a trophy
        
        nonessential
        
        extra info, usage of commas
        
        Ex: Jerry Seinfield, who is a comedian, has his own TV show.
      - Adjective clause
        
        is subordinate
        
        modifies a noun or a pronoun
        
        begins with a relative pronoun
        
        who, whom, which, etc
      - Adverb clause
        
        subordinate
        
        modifies an adverb, verb or adjective
        
        usage of wh questions
        
        introduced by subordinating conjuctions
        
        although, even thoug, since, etc
      - Noun clause
        
        subordinate clause that functions as a noun
        
        introduced by words such as
        
        how, if, whatever, whose, etc
      - position rules
        
        if the clause
        
        begins the sentence
        
        adverb or noun
        
        follows a noun
        
        usually adjective
        
        follows the verb
        
        adverb or noun
    - - according to structure, they are divide in
        
        simple sentence
        
        one independent clause
        
        makes sense
        
        compound sentences
        
        at least two independent clauses
        
        Complex sentence
        
        independent clause
        
        at least one dependent clause
        
        Compound-complex sentence
        
        at least two independent clauses
        
        one or more dependent clauses