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Stresemann and the Golden Years (Foreign Policy Achievements (During 1920s…
Stresemann and the Golden Years
Politics
Coalition Politics
Each party would put it's own self interest first before the government
There was no chance of a coalition between SPD and the DNVP
The communist KPD were left completely isolated
A right centred coalition, DNVP and DDP, would tend to agree on domestic matters but fail to come to agreement with foreign matters
On the other hand, a broad coalition of SPD,DDP,DVP agreed upon foreign matters but differed on domestic affairs
The responsibility of the parties
SPD
Were the largest party in the Reichstag
The party was split between its desire to uphold the working class and its commitment to the democracy
The party was not ready to take full responsibility of the government until 1928
The Centre Party
The Centre Party provided the real political leadership within the Weimar politics
The party took apart in all the coalitions from 1919 to 1932 by taking ministerial posts
In the early years, quarrels were put to one side under the strong left-wing leadership of Matthias Erzberger and Joseth Wirth. However, the party became decisively more right-wing under the leadership of Ludwig Kass and Henrich Bruning. Who appealed to the conservative partners of the coalition than the liberal elements, which was worrying for the future of the party and Germany itself.
The DNVP
Since 1919 the DNVP had been totally opposed to the republic
They refused to take part in the government
After 1923 the Republic began to recover and the hope to have a right-winged government was slowly fading
As a result they took part in government coalition in 1925 and 1927
When the votes fell by a quarter in 1928 Alfred Hugenberg was elected leader to assert more extreme right wing influence over the party. Hugenberg was a media tycoon and he used his media power to promote his political message of rejecting the republic.
A year later, his party was working closely with the Nazi against the Young Plan
Foreign Policy Achievements
During 1920s he pursued the following objectives
To acknowledge that France have security concerns and that France also have power on the continent
To play on German's importance in world trade in order to gain good-will and cooperation with Britain and America.
The sympathy of the USA was key as it he wanted to attract American investment into the Germany economy
To maintain Rapallo-based relationships with the USSR
The Dawes Plans 1924
This was the first time since WW1 where Germany received international recognition of its economic problem
It resulted in the French leaving the Rhur
Objectives
One new Rentenmark was to be worth one billion of the old mark
Set up the German National Bank under the Allied supervision
A 800 million gold mark loan to aid German economic recovery was to be financed mainly by the USA
War reparations to be paid annually at a fixed scale over a longer period
The Locarno Pact (October 1925)
The demilitarisation of the Rhineland
Arbitration treaties between Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia agreed to settle future disputes peacefully
Mutual guarantee agreement whereby France, German, Belgium, Italy and Britain renounced the use of force, except in self defence
Germany was invited to be a part of the League of Nations in 1926 and was immediately recognised as a vital member of the Council of the League
Vernunftrepublikaner = A rational republican, rather than a committed one
Culture
Art & Design
One of the most important artistic developments was the creation of the Bauhaus school which was established in 1919
The Bauhaus movement influenced a new type of design
Furniture
Urban planning
Textiles
Graphics
Literature
The pacifist All Quite on the Western Front, published in 1928 by Eric Maria
Berlin Alexanderplatz written by Alfred Doblin, which examined life of a worker in Weimar society
Film
During the 1920s, German film industry became the most advanced in Europe
The popular appeal of the comedy of Charlie Chaplin shows that Weimar culture was part of an international mass culture and was not exclusively German
Radio
Radio emerged as another mass medium
it was established in 1923
by 1932, depsite the depression, one in four Germans owned a radio