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Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fractures (DIAGNOSIS (RESULTS (T-Score:…
Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fractures
Osteoporosis
= bone condition that makes them fragile and brittle due to a loss of bone tissue density
deficiency in Calcium or Vitamin D can
cause a change in chemical composition
osteomalacia (soft bones)
Rickets
the chemical composition is the same, but there is less bone matrix
Osteopenia
= mild form of osteoporosis
Primary Osteoporosis: AGE
Type 1
post menapausal
women suffer from bone loss due to decrease of osteogren during menpause
reach peak bone mass at age 35 and have sharp decline in bone mass
oestrogen protects bone strength
2-3%
boner loss per year
Type 2
gradual aging
0.3-0.5%
bone loss per year
Secondary Osteoporosis: Factors
drugs: steroids, alcohol
immobility - eg due to paraplegia
endocrine disease: effecting growth of bone tissue
:red_cross: :red_cross:
Problem
Women suffer from bone tissue loss due to menaupause, but they have a higher life expectancy than men = expensive problem for healthcare economy!!!
£1.8bn in 2000, £2.2bn by 2025
FRACTURE INCIDENTS RISING IN THE UK
DIAGNOSIS
Dual Engery Xray Absorption Scan (DEXA SCAN)
lower energy in comparison to Xray
shows bone mineral density
RESULTS
T-Score: primary condition
giving bone mineral density compared to normal bone ages 30
:check:
normal = 0 to -1
:red_cross:
osteoporosis = over +2.5
:green_cross:
osteopenia = -1 to -2.5
Z-Score: secondary condition
bone mineral density is adjusted for age and gender
Fracture risk?
use FRAX tool invented by WHO
enter details and obtain probability of fracture liklihood
:check: :check:
TREATMENT
PREVENT IT
:check: by making your peak bone mass as high as possible by weight bearing exercises, no smoking, limiting alcohol and intake of vitamin D and Calcium
TREAT IT
anabolic steriods = not prescribed by can increase bone mass
:check: hormone replacement therapy = supplements of oestrogen to reduce osteoporotic fractures
:check: consume bisphosphonates to stop bone resorption and increase bone density