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(Clinical (obstructive disorders (tumors (hematuria), hydronephrosis,…
Nephron Regions
renal corpuscle (blood filtration)
glomerulus
Bowman's capsule
renal tubule (urine formation)
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
nephron loop
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Collecting System
collecting duct (CD)
fluid from many nephrons
papillary duct
fluid from ducts to minor calyx
Renal Physiology
filtration (fluid from glomerulus to capsular space)
nonselective
glomerular BP
podocytes
mesangial cells
GFR
reabsorption (solutes from tubular fluid to blood)
selective
secretion (solutes to tubular fluid from blood)
selective
"reabsorption in reverse"
ammonia secreted by diffusion
H+, K+, some drugs secreted by active transport
Urine Volume Control
aldosterone
trigger by RAAS w/ low BP @ kidneys
increases kidney BP
retains salt
reduces urine volume
ADH
retain water @ CD
reduces urine volume
increases BP
ANH
promote sodium/water loss to kidney tubules
increase urine volume
increase BP
Clinical
urinary suppression
not made
incontinence
involuntary voiding
urinary retention
made, not voided
UTIs
enuresis
involuntary voiding (but healthy)
obstructive disorders
tumors
hematuria
hydronephrosis
renal calculi (renal colic)
Urine Concentration
ADH absent
no water reabsorbed (lots of water in urine)
diabetes insipidis
ADH present
water reabsorbed (less water in urine)
