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Families and Households (Functions (George Murdock (1949) (Stable…

- - - - Creates a dependency culture and promotes irresponsibility
- - - - x5 more than 1971
      - Nearly all jointly registered (cohabiting parents)
    - - 29.7yrs on avg
  - - - MEN: Practical and planning leaders (Instrumental)
      - WOMEN: Emotional and expressive leaders
      - These roles are natural and best for society
      - As families change, familial roles change too
    - - Two studies in London and Essex examining family structure
      - Theory: roles are v gendered
      - Women did household chores
      - Concluded things had changed in the 1970s, and were moving towards symmetrical families
      - Nuclear family is a feature of capitalism
    - - Rising wages and welfare -> decline in kinship-based support
      - More geographical mobility, so smaller family units
      - Reduction in number of children per family
      - More amenities and entertainment in the home made it more attractive
    - - The concept to describe the routine actions through which we create a sense of 'being a family member'
      - Family practices are influenced by the beliefs we have about our rights and obligations
      - We construct our life
      - As society becomes more fragmented, relationships become more blurred
    - - 9/10 women who work full-time still do most/all household chores
      - Assumes gradual change/sharing gender roles in the family
      - Greater acceptance of interchangeability between roles
      - 80% of working age women have jobs
- - - - Secularisation
      - Rising expectations of marriage
        
        Joint decision-making
        
        Companionship
        
        Romance
        
        Equality
      - Changes in women's positions
      - Declining stigma
    - - Divorce has increased b/c people attach more value to marriage than in the past
      - Against divorce, as it breaks down social institution
        
        Can't perform their function
    - - Believe nuclear family is a basis for society
      - Creation of nuclear family leads to the decline of morals
    - - Agree with divorce as women become free
      - Traditional marriage exploits women
      - Gets rid of inequality and lets women own their sexuality
    - - Agree with divorce as women become free
      - Women no longer oppressed when they're not married
    - - Argues that most people experience a nuclear family, and stay in a nuclear family all their life
  - - - Values attached to marriage
      - Degree of conflict between spouses
      - Opportunities to escape from marriage
  - - - Cultural
      - Organisational
      - Generational
      - Social class
      - Life stage