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History Paper 1: The Rise Of The Nazis Pt 1 (The Munich Putsch (1923) and…
History Paper 1: The Rise Of The Nazis Pt 1
Why was Hitler able to become Chancellor by 1933
The economic crisis
People lost faith in democracy and started to turn to parties which offered a radical solution to Germany's problems - the Nazis and the Communists
The Depression - German businesses closed and millions of workers lost their jobs
The Wall Street Crash happened and American banks called in the loans they had made to Germany
The Political crisis
Hitler exploited the problems the government was facing by holding huge rallies and touring Germany promising to restore the economy
The socialist elements of the Nazis 25 Point Programme were forgotten and Hitler tried to win support from the middle classes and the industrialists
Bruning was unpopular because he asked the people to make sacrifices at a time when they were already suffering
In the elections the Nazis won 107 seats in September 1930 and 230 in July 1932 (remember in 1928 they had won just 12!)
The next Chancellor (Bruning) did not have a majority in the Reichstag and he had to rely on President Hindenburg to use Article 48 to get measures passed
In 1932 Bruning was replaced as Chancellor by von Papen, who was then overthrown by von Schleicher
The coalition government couldn't agree on how to deal with the effects of the depression and the Chancellor (Mulller) resigned in March 1930
Von Papen plotted revenge and in January 1933 he persuaded President Hindenburg to replace von Schleicher with Hitler
Hindenburg and von Papen thought they could control Hitler: support for the Nazi Party was now in decline (in November 1932 the Nazis gained 196 seats), von Papen was made Vice Chancellor and only 3 out of the 12 Cabinet members were Nazis
The Munich Putsch (1923) and its consequences
It showed that the judges were biased towards the right-wing, Hitler only got a 5 year prison sentence (only served 9 months), in prison he wrote Mein Kampf and he realised he would have to try to seize power legally
In 1925 the ban on the Nazi Party was lifted
Hitler started the Hitler Youth and also founded the SS (the Blackshirts)
By the end of 1926 the Nazi Party had 50,000 members and in 1927 it held its first Nuremberg rally
Hitler did not seize power and was imprisoned. The Nazi Party was banned and so was the Munich Observer (Newspaper)
Hitler believed that the problems Weimar was facing gave him the opportunity to seize power
By 1923 the Nazi Party had grown to 35,000 members
The Nazi Party only won 12 seats in the 1928 Reichstag elections (remember this was the same era as the 'Golden Years' of the Weimar Republic)