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The Sacred Texts of Judaism (Torah (Split into five books (Genesis…
The Sacred Texts of Judaism
Talmud
The Oral Torah
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Explains the writings of the Torah and tells Jews how to interpret the Laws
Draws its teachings from those of Moses who gained them from God on Mt.Sinai
Gemara
The elaboration of the Mishnah over the following centuries of its creation
These elaborations and commentaries formed to become the Talmud
Differing commentaries resulted in two Talmuds being created
Babylonian Talmud
Has more authority over the Jerusalem Talmud
Jerusalem Talmud
Mishnah
Arrangement
First seders may be required to understand later seders
Allows Jews to understand what the primary areas of life are
Arranged in order of importance
Comes the Hebrew word for teaching by repetition
Meant to teach the Jewish people of their laws by repeating them in such a way that they can understand
The written version of the Oral Torah
Split into six sections (Sedarim)
Toharot(Purity)
Kodashim(Holy Things)
Nezikim(Damages)
Nashim(Women)
Mo-ed (Sabbath)
Zera'im (Agriculture)
Each seder is split into masekhot (tractates)
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Tenak
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Split into three sections
Ketuvim(Writings)
Neviim (Prophets)
Key themes
Revelation
Covenant
Election
A wandering people
Slavery, Exodus and Freedom
God's fidelity vs people's infidelity
Desert, wilderness v promised land
Kingship of God and Human Kingship
Torah
Constant reference to the Torah leads Jews to a good life of holiness
Also known as the Pentaeuch
Split into five books
Genesis
Creation story
The fall of man to sin
The promise of redemption
The beginning of human civilisation
The beginning of God's covenant with his people
Exodus
The deliverance of God's people from slavery in Egypt in preparation for the Promised Land
Covenant is renewed with Moses through the 10 commandments and the 613 mitzvot
Numbers
Covers key events in the 40 years the Jews spent in the desert
Additional instructions for worship and the covenant
Leviticus
Expands on how Jews should worship God and govern themselves
Lays forth the requirements of sacrifices to God so that God may overlook the sins of his people
Deuteronomy
Sometimes referred to as the repetition of the law
Records the final words of Moses as the Jews passed into the Promised Land
Talks about the blessings the Jews will receive should they obey God and the punishment for disobedience
From Exodus onwards, the books tell of the sayings and writings of Moses concerning the laws of the covenant of Judaism
Are the beginning of God's progressive revelation to man
Rabbi
Tannaim
Rabbis who rehearse opinions or statements from the rabbis of the first two centuries CE.
May also refer to the rabbis between the period of 10-220 CE whose views and opinions appear in the Mishnah and other Jewish texts of the time
Amoraim
Rabbis whose role was to explain in detail the words of a contemporary sage, who would only make brief rulings
May also refer to the rabbis between the period of 200 to 500 CE who expounded on the teachings of the previous period of rabbis
Halacha/ Halakha
The collection of Jewish laws that have been derived from the Oral and Written Torah
They have evolved from biblical times to regulate religious observances of the contemporary period