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FRENCH REVOLUTION (Events of 1789 (May: Estates-General, Tennis Court…

- - - - military officials want adventure and revenge for 7 yrs war
      - used a lot of loans that fueled the financial crisis later
      - France did not gain financially from helping the Americans
      - ideas such as liberty, patriotism and democracy is widely discussed by veterans returning from America.
  - - - divided into nuns and monks, bishops and parish priests
      - Was unpopular
        
        bishops: plurality and absenteeism
        
        tithe from all townowners
        
        privileges: don't pay tax (have annual don gratuit)
        
        had considerable influence and power
        
        in charge of censorship of media
      - provide education, poor relief and hospitals
    - - privileges
        
        exempt from taille (land tax), military service, corvee, etc
        
        honorific privileges: right to wear a sword, display a coat of arms, etc
        
        nobility of the sword relied on privileges to get by at barely the level of the poor.
      - the most powerful nobility were ones with enough wealth to acquire a room in Versailles.
      - increased in number as purchase of venal offices increased
        
        increased inefficiency and corruption
      - usually go to the military and clergy
    - - direct and indirect taxes, as well as tithe
      - corvee royale
      - military service
      - divided into peasants, town workers and bourgeoisie.
    - - have strong incentive to collect as much
        tax as possible as they can keep excess tax
        
        resentment increase, smuggling is widespread
  - - - In theory, the king's power is unlimited
      - Louis XVI: appeared weak
      - Marie Antoinette: rumors of her overspending: led to lack of respect
- - - - Compte Rendu
        
        acquire more loans
      - wanted to reduce venal office purchases
      - tried to be admitted to Louis' special council
        met with too much opposition
    - - wanted support from powerful members: summon Assembly of Notables
        
        accused of bringing the financial crisis as Necker's Compte Rendu showed France's finances to be sound
    - - try to build on Necker's and Calonne's reforms but fail
        
        bankruptcy. Estates-General summoned
  - - - series of bad harvests
        
        worst in 1788 - wet spring and freak hailstones
        
        rise in food prices
        
        less spending on industry
        
        unemployment
    - - people blame king and queen
        
        high expectation of reform from Estates-General
    - - Britain sell industrial products more cheaply
        
        destroy France's textile market
      - France sell bread and wine more cheaply
        
        no surplus of agricultural goods to sell
    - - believe tithe-owners and landowners are hoarding grain to increase prices
        
        attacks on grain stores and food riots