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History Paper 1: Who Was To Blame For The Cold War? Pt 1 (Why had the USA…
History Paper 1: Who Was To Blame For The Cold War? Pt 1
Soviet expansion
Rigged elections, violence and intimidation were used to gain control
By 1947 all eastern European states except Czechoslovakia had Communist governments
The USSR strengthened its control over Eastern Europe
No free elections had been held despite this being an agreement made at the Yalta conference
Why had the USA-USSR alliance broken down by 1947?
The USSR had imposed communist rule in Eastern Europe
Both sides had differing views about Germany
Truman had informed Stalin that America had an atomic bomb
The Truman Doctrine (America's commitment to contain Communism)
The aims of the war no longer held them together
International Organisations
A military alliance
Stalin saw NATO as a threat to the USSR and Eastern Europe
Formed April 1949
The Berlin Blockade (June 1948)
What happened? - Stalin cut off all road, rail and canal links to West Berlin
Response from the Western Allies? - The West launched a massive airlift. Supplies were flown to West Berlin for 10 months
Why? - Britain, France and USA had merged their German zones together and they had also introduced a new currency for their zones. Lots of people were leaving the eastern zone for the better opportunities (democracy and capitalism) which were on offer in the west.
Outcomes? - It was a propaganda victory for the West and Stalin was humiliated . Germany remained divided. NATO was formed
The Warsaw Pact:
Defensive military alliance - counter-force to NATO
Helped to make Eastern Europe an effective 'buffer zone' for the USSR against the West
Formed in 1955