Visual Knowledge
Introspection
Francis Galton 1883
to study mental imagery, Self-reports suggested people could inspect mental images as pictures.
people differ in their reports
Chronometric Studies
Ask participants to manipulate the mental
images and then observe how long these manipulations take
Image-scanning procedure, Kosslyn et al. (1978)
First Memorize a map then scan from one landmark
to another on the imagined map
the imagined distance corresponded with the actual distance from the map
Mental Rotation Task
is the ability to rotate mental representations of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects as it is related to the visual representation of such rotation within the human mind.
Demand Charachter
refers to an experimental artifact where participants form an interpretation of the experiment's purpose and subconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation.
Binocular rivalry
occurs when two visual
stimuli are presented—one to each eye.
The visual system cannot combine inputs.
people are aware of one image at a time
Occipital areas used for early visual
processing are active during imagery
Visualized images can be decoded based
on brain activity from seeing objects.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
disrupts brain activity.
Visual Imagery
memory technique that involves constructing mental images when learning new information in order to be able to better recall the information later.
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Spatial Imagery
is imagery of spatial relationships. If I ask you to imagine the room in which you spend most of your time awake if you produce a picture of this in your mind it is spatial imagery, particularly if it is a three dimensional mental representation.
Image files
Recipes or instructions for how to construct an
active mental image of the object or shape