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CHRONIC ASTHMA (Clinical Manifestation (Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Prolonged…
CHRONIC ASTHMA
Clinical Manifestation
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Expiratory wheezing, Dyspnea
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Risk factors
Other chronic disease (Gastroesophageal reflux disease, rhinitis e.t.c)
Medications (NSAIDs, beta-adrenergic receptor blockers),
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Environmental allergens (pollens, insects, dust mites, animal allergens etc
Behavioral factors (smoking, obesity, exposures to irritants
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Diagnostic tests
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Patient history: history of allergies, refurrent episodes of wheezing and dyspnea
Epidemiology
In united states, 39.5 million people (12.9%) had been diagnosed with asthma
According to WHO, 250,000 asthma deaths are reported worldwide
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Pathophysiology
Exposure to trigger → crosslinking of IgE molecules → inflammatory mediator activation → vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucosal edema, bronchospasm, increase mucus production narrowing of airway and airflow obstruction