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Human Geography (population (population dynamics (demographic transition…

- - - - dense
      - sparse
        
        mountainous
        
        too hot or too cold
        
        no communications
        
        frequent natural disasters
        
        no schools and hospitals
        
        no jobs
        
        no water supply
        
        no electricity or communications
        
        heavily forested
    - - even
      - uneven
  - - - life expectancy
      - young dependents
      - old dependents
      - economically active
      - dependency ratio
    - - problems (too few)
        
        possible burden for the young population in the future
        
        schools and hospitals close
        
        not enough working population in the future
        
        solutions
      - problems (too many)
        
        schools and hospitals are overburdened
        
        burden on working population
        
        need taxes for caring for the young dependents
        
        solutions
      - benefits of too few young population
        
        less tax needed for schools and nurseries
    - - problems
        
        taxes needed for pensions and care homes
        
        burden on working population
      - solutions
  - - - no. of births per 1000 per year
      - fertility rate: no. of
        children a woman is expected to have
        in her lifetime
      - reasons for high birth rate
      - reasons for low birth rate
    - - infant mortality rate:
        number of under 5 year old deaths per 1000 live births
      - reasons for high death rate
      - reasons for low death rate
    - - stage 1:
        
        high birth and death rate
        
        low population
      - stage 2
        
        decreasing death rate and rising population
      - stage 3
        
        decreasing birth rate
      - stage 4
        
        constant population
      - stage 5
        
        falling birth rate
    - - natural decrease: when
        birth rate < death rate
      - natural increase: when
        birth rate > death rate
    - - consequences/problems
        
        traffic congestion and pollution
        
        not enough jobs: unemployment
        
        lack of houses, electricity, water, food, etc
    - - problems
        
        economy not to full potential
        
        transport close due to lack of people
        
        not enough taxes collected
        
        necessary to attract immigrants
        
        schools and hospitals close
        
        not enough innovation
    - - better transport (for doctors and food)
        
        better nutrition (quantity and quality)
        
        clean water supply
        
        better healthcare
    - - population at just carrying capacity
      - resources = population
    - - Malthus
      - Boserup
  - - - pro-natalist policy
      - anti-natalist policy
    - - problems
        
        less economically active population
        
        burden on the working population
        
        personal: burden, unemployment
      - causes
        
        lack of contraception
        
        lack of education
        
        prostitution
        
        misuse of drugs
        
        lack of clean medical equipment and blood donor safety
      - solutions
        
        education
        
        cheaper HIV/AIDS drugs
- - - - wet point site
      - dry point site