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Chapter 15 Continued (Exchange at the Capillaries (Bulk flow: mass…
Chapter 15 Continued
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The Lymphatic System
the vessels of the lymphatic system interact with the cardiovascular system, the digestive system and the immune system
functions: returning fluid and proteins filtered out of the capillaries to the circulatory system, picking up fat absorbed at the small intestine and transferring it to the circulatory system and serving as a filter to help capture and destroy foreign pathogens
walls of lymph vessels are anchored to the surrounding connective tissue by fibers that hold them open; large gaps between cells allow fluid, interstitial proteins and particulate matter to be swept into the lymph vessels
lymph nodes: bean-shaped nodules of tissue with a fibrous outer capsule and an internal collection of immunologically active cells
edema: the condition of swelling in an immobilized limb, due to the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure, a decrease in plasma protein concentration and an increase in interstitial proteins disrupt the normal balance between capillary filtration and absorption
Cardiovascular Disease
Risk factors include: cigarette smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, untreated hypertension, diabetes mellitus and elevated blood lipids
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high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol complexes indicate risk of CHD
LDL-C causes a fatty streak which eventually forms bulging plaques in the arteries (artherosclerosis)
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