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Cell activity (Animal cells (A nucleus, which controls the activities of…
Cell activity
Animal cells
A nucleus, which controls the activities of the cell
Cytoplasm, in which most of the chemical reactions take place
A cell membrane, which controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell
Mitochondria, which is where most energy is released in respiration
Ribosomes, which is where protein synthesis occurs.
Plant cells
Chloroplasts, which absorb light energy to make food
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Bacterial cell
Consists of cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall; the genes are not in a distinct nucleus; some of the genes are located in circular structures called plasmids.
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Yeast
A single-celled organism. Yeast cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall.
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Diffusion
Particles moving from an area of a higher concentration to a area with a lower concentration. The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion.
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Osmosis
Diffusion of water from a low concentration to a high concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
Concentrations of the solutions inside and outside a cell cause water to move into or out of the cell by osmosis.
Active transport
Substances are sometimes absorbed against a concentration gradient. This requires the use of energy from respiration.
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The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes. Chromosomes carry genes that control the characteristics of the body. Each chromosome carries a large number of genes.
Many genes have different forms called alleles, which may produce different characteristics.