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Introduction of Clinical medicine (Infection disease (infection of…

- - - - vectors #
        
        insects and carriers
      - zoonotic hosts #
        
        animals
      - （Human hosts）
        
        Organ sys
        
        Respiratory sys
        
        Cellular
        
        impaired T-cell
        
        initial-infection
        
        (4-96h)induced response：Recruitment and recognition activitation of effectors
        
        (>96h)adaptive response：antigen→BT cell
        
        _
        
        (0-4h)innate immunity nonspecific effector
        
        2 more items...
        
        Re-infection
        
        Protective immunity ：antubody and effector T cell
        
        Immunologic memory ：memory B and T cell
        
        Individual
        
        Inhalation of TB bacilli
        
        Genetic
        
        polymorphism
        
        Population
        
        Tuberculosis(TB) spread
      - Endogenous
        Exogenous
  - - - Gain entry into the host
      - Multiply and spread from the site of entry
      - _
        
        Cause injury
        
        what kinds of injury?
        
        Infarmmatory response
        
        Toxinneurotoxin, cytotoxin, endotoxin
        
        Mechanical obstruction roundworm infetion
      - Encounter
    - - Resolution
      - Chronic active inf. HIV
      - Host Death
      - Prolonged asymptomatic excretion of inf. agent Salmonella typhi 傷寒
      - Latency of the agent
  - - - Parasite infection cysticercosis
      - Spirochetes Leptospirosis
      - Viral infection Rabies Ebola virus
      - Fungal infection
      - .
        
        Bacterial infection
        
        Streptococcus鏈球菌 and Pseudomonas綠膿桿菌→pneumonia肺炎
        
        Shigella Campylobacter Salmonella→ foodbrone illness
        
        Mycobacterium tuberculosis→ tuberculosis (TB)
        
        .
        
        Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
        Sepsis: SIRS + evidence of infection
        Severe sepsis: sepsis + organ dysfunction
        
        gram positive:深藍色→Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas
        gram negative:粉紅色(比較棘手)
        →Staphylococci (associated with indwelling catheters)
        Fungi: Candida
        
        dysfunction
        
        Refractory hypotension: high cardiac output
        
        Multiple-organ failure: microvascular injury
        
        Acute respiratory distress syndrome:
        
        Infective endocarditis
        
        test by gram staining：細菌細胞壁上的主要成份不同，利用這種染色法，染上結晶子-->加碘-->酒精清洗-->加染劑染色
        gram positive:深藍
        gram negative:粉紅色(比較棘手)
        
        .
        
        kill bacteria by β-lactam inhibiting the
        synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer
        Ex Penicillin
        
        induced by β-Lactamase
        (β-Lactamase is blocked by Sulbactam Clavulanic acid)
  - - - .
        
        meningitis(腦膜炎)
        
        protection (internal)BBB (external) meninges and skull
        
        Symptoms: fever, headache, neck stiffness
        (meningismus), photophobia, and confusion
        
        免疫反應所造成
    - - infective endocarditis
    - - pneumonia
    - - : infectious diarrhea
    - - osteomyelitis