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Resp anatomy part 2 (Lung dev (Changes after birth (Lungs gas exchange…
Resp anatomy part 2
Lung dev
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Alveolar stage (32-8)
- Epithelial becomes thin squamous
- Newborn lungs denser: more alveolar sacs added
Changes after birth
Lungs gas exchange organs, not secretory
Pressure decreases in lungs as they inflate
- Right side blood of right side heart redirected to pulmn artery
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Accessory Resp muscles
Forced Expiration
- Abdo.muscles - Rectus abdominous, internal + External oblique
- Internal intercostals
Forced inspiration
- Pectoralis Major and minor, serratus anterior, scalene group of muscles and sternocleidomastoid
- Anterior and superior movement of sternum
- Elevation of lateral aspect rib shaft
- Diaphragm descends
Blood supply :red_cross:
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- Superior (accessory) hemiazygous Vein
(receives 4-8th left posterior intercostal veins)
- Azygous Vein
(receives lower 8 right posterior intercostal veins, right superior intercostal vein and hemiazygous veins, drain into superior vena cava
- Inferior hemiazygous Vein
Receives lowest 4-5 left posterior intercostal veins
Innervation
Somatic innervation - parietal
- Costal + peripheral pleura - intercostal nerves
- Medistinal + central diaphragmatic pleura - phrenic nerve (referred pain shoulder tip)
Lungs and visceral pleura:
- Supplied by visceral sensory nerves (sympathetic trunk + vagus nerve):
- Travels to CNS in nerves that also carry sympathetic +/ parasymp fibers
- Visceral pain vague + only detects stretch
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Pleural cavity
- Serous membrane: mesothelium (simple squamous lining) - secretes fluid into cavity
- Visceral (splanchnic mesenchyme) + parietal pleura (somatic mesoderm) continuous with eachother + at root of lung/hilum
- Neg pressure within pleura cavity: Lungs and thoracic wall constantly opposing eachother
- Costmediastinal recess: allows space for beating heart
- Costodiaphragmatic recess: Only filled withh lung in deep inspiration + potential areas of fluid collection
(costophrenic angle)
Regions
- Cervical
- Costal
- Diaphragmatic
- Mediastinal
- Pulmonary ligament: Allows increased mobility during respiration
Lymphatics
- Ant thoracic wall drain parasternal nodes + diaphragmatic nodes
- Post thoracic wall drain intercostal nodes around head + neck ribs
- Lungs drain tracheobronchial nodes
- Thoracic duct: major lymph vessel body: begins cisterna chyli: behind arch of aorta enter left brachiocephallic vein