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3.2 (Why some people do not believe in life after death 2.3 (if there is…
3.2
Why some people do not believe in life after death 2.3
if there is no God then there is no spirit world
different religions contradict each other: Christianity, Islam, Judaism say
resurrection
whereas Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism say
reincarnation
. If life after death is true then they would all say the same thing
evidence is based on holy books which contradict each other, so we don't know which is true or false
science shows that when the body dies, so does the mind
space journeys have shown heaven is not above the sky
people brought up by atheists may not believe in life after death
The causes of world poverty 2.10
Natural disasters;
many LEDCs are in area where disasters can destroy thousands of homes & farmland they depend on
Debt;
LEDCs have to borrow money from MEDCs to survive & develop. However the interest they have to pay can make them poorer
Wars;
LEDCs are affected badly by wars as they destroy crop / schools / homes / hospitals etc.. causing more poverty. They also force people from their homes into neighbouring countries which may be developing, & the arrival of refugees that need money/food can make the country poor again
Unfair trade;
rich countries pay grants to their own farmers & put high taxes on imported crops from LEDCs so those products are more expensive
HIV / AIDS;
this disease kills many people in LEDCs. The loss of so many earners & the growing number of orphans are causing poor countries to become poorer
Other factors;
lack of education means young people in LEDCs have few/no skills. Lack of clean, fresh water leads to disease & a short life expectancy
Non-religious reasons for believing in life after death 2.2
Near death experiences;
feelings of peace
/
floating
/
seeing a bright light
/
entering a heavenly place
/
seeing dead relatives
Evidence for a spirit world;
a medium is a person who claims to be able to communicate between our world & a spirit world
Evidence of reincarnation;
Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists believe in reincarnation and have collected evidence for this. If reincarnation is true then there is life after death
The nature of abortion 2.4
abortion is only allowed when
the mother's life is at risk
the mother's physical or mental health is at risk
the child is likely to be born severely handicapped
there would be a serious effect on other children in the family
cannot happen after 24 weeks
abortion is a controversial issue because
people believe life begins at moment of conception so abortion is taking a life
people believe life begins when the foetus is outside the mother so abortion is not taking a life
non-religious people believe that a woman should have the right to do what she wants with her body. They at argue that an unwanted foetus is the same as an unwanted tumour
religious people believe that the unborn child's right to life is greater than the mother's rights
Christian attitudes to euthanasia 2.7
Catholics (& many Liberal Protestants) believe everything except
switching off life-support / not giving treatment / giving painkillers
is wrong because...
they believe in the sanctity of life so as life is created by God, only he has the right to end it
euthanasia is murder, which is forbidden in the Ten Commandments
if doctors say the person id brain-dead then switch off the machine is accepting what God has already decided
if you give painkillers & they kill the person it is not murder as your intention was to remove pain
(doctrine of double affect)
some Christians believe that all euthanasia is wrong because...
they take the Bible teachings literally & the Bible forbids suicide
it includes switching off life-support because life is being ended by God not humans
euthanasia is murder, which is banned in the Ten Commandments
life is sacred & so should only be taken by God as life & death decisions belong to God alone
a few Christians accept euthanasia in certain circumstances because...
medical advances means its hard to know what God wants. God may want someone to die but doctors are keeping them alive
the teaching of Jesus to
love your neighbour
can be used to justify assisted suicide as it might be the most loving thing to do
it is a basic human right to have control over your body. People have the right to refuse medical treatment so why not a right to ask for euthanasia
Why Catholics believe in life after death and how this affects their lives 2.1
why
Jesus rose from the dead - in Gospels & New Testament
St Paul teaches that people will have a resurrection like Jesus
the creeds teach that Jesus rose from the dead
the Catechism teaches that there is life after death, the Catechism contains the teaching of the Magisterium which all Catholics should believe
believing gives lives meaning & purpose
how
in the
Parable of the Sheep & Goats
in which Jesus should feed /clothe / befriend / visit those in need + in the
Good Samaritan
Jesus taught that loving your neighbour means helping anyone on need which is why some Catholics work for CAFOD, SVP, ect.
by living a good Catholic life - following the teachings of the Church
following the 2 greatest commandments - love of God / love of others by praying & going to Mass every Sunday
sin prevents people from going to heaven & those who die with unforgiven sins go to purgatory to be purified
Different Christian attitudes to abortion 2.5
Catholic Church teaches that all abortion is wrong
life belongs to God so only God has the right to end a pregnancy
life begins at conception so abortion is taking life & this is banned in the Ten Commandments
they should follow the teaching of the Catechism that all abortion is murder
counselling, help & adoption are alternatives for women who were raped so good can come out of evil in a new life
Liberal Protestants disagree with abortion but is allowed in certain circumstances
life does not begin at conception
Jesus' command to
love your neighbour
means its the duty of Christians to remove suffering
sanctity of life can be broken in a just war, so why not in a just abortion (eg. mother's life at risk)
if doctors have developed tests for certain medical conditions in unborn babies, parents should be allowed abortions if such tests show their baby would be born with serious medical problems
The nature of euthanasia 2.6
many people want it to remain illegal because...
doubt whether that is what the person truly wants (family could just want money)
the disease may not kill them as a cure could be found
doctors save lives not end the, so patients may not fully trust their doctors
people might change their mind but it would be too late
many people want it made legal because...
medicines can keep people alive who would have died, often in agony, so should have the right to die
doctors have the right to switch off life support machines if the patient has no chance of recovery, allowing them to die, so euthanasia is already legal
people have to the right to commit suicide so should have the right to ask doctors to assist them if they are too weak
judges have said doctors can stop treatment
The media & matters of life & death 2.8
the media should not be free to criticise what religions say about life & death
criticising religions is a way of stirring up religious hatred which is banned by the 'Racial & Religious Hatred Act of 2007'
criticising religious attitudes because of the offence it brings eg. in 2006 a Danish newspaper published cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad there were riots in some countries
some believers believe that criticising what religious leaders say is close to the crime of blasphemy
some religious people feel that religious statements are based on what God says so are beyond human criticism
the media should be free to criticise what religions say about life & death
freedom of expression is a basic human right which is needed for democracy to work so the media are free to criticise religious attitudes
if religious leaders use the media to make statements about matter of life & death, they must be prepared for the to criticise those statements
in a multi-faith society there must be freedom of religious belief & expressionism so the media have the right to question & even criticise religious beliefs & what the say about life & death
life & death issues are so important to everyone that people want to know what the right view is . This would be difficult if religions were allowed to put forwards views that no one could criticise
How & why CAFOD is trying to remove the causes of world poverty 2.11
how
development programmes;
opening clinics & training health workers
/
helping give street children an education so they can earn a living
/
helping to set up savings schemes & farming projects so farmers are not wiped out by natural disasters
disasters & emergencies;
CAFOD send food, antibiotics & shelters to victims of disasters (eg. tsunami) & supplies to war refugees (eg. Bosnia, Kosovo & Rwanda)
raising awareness;
5% of CAFOD's budget is spent on educating the people & churches of England & Wales about the development & how Catholics can help
speaking out on behalf of poor communities to bring social justice;
heavily involved in the 2005 Make Poverty History campaign & is now involved in the Trade Justice Campaign to change world trade rules so poor countries can work out of poverty
why
according to the New Testament, riches must be used for help of others, especially the poor
the
Parable of the Sheep & Goats
where he said feeding the hungry / clothing the hungry is like feeing & clothing Jesus himself. Catholics want to help Jesus so help the poor & suffering
parable also teaches that helping the poor is the way to heaven, & Catholics want to go to heaven
in the
Sermon on the Mount
Jesus taught that Christians should share their time & money to help the poor
the Catholic Church teaches that Christians have a duty to help the poor & suffering, as Pope Benedict showed in his first encyclical
the Golden Rule for Christians is to treat other people in the way you would like to be treated, & everyone would want to be helped if they were starving