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APPLIED ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (MUSCLES (ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS (Muscles…
APPLIED ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
THE SKELETON
elbow
humerus
radius
ulna
hip
pelvis
femur
chest
ribs
sternum
knee
femur
tibia
patella
shoulder
scapula
humerus
ankle
tibia
fibula
talus
head/neck
cranium
vertebrae
BONE TYPES
long
gross movement
femur
short
fine movement
carpals
flat
protection of vital organs
ribs
FUNCTIONS
structure &points for attatchment
blood cell production
support
mineral storage
movement
protection of vital organs (flat bones)
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
joint capsule
tough fibrous tissue which surrounds synovial jojnts and usually is supported by ligamnets
bursae
a small bag of synovial fluid
synovial fluid
lubricates the joint
cartilage
reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
synovial membrane
produces synovial fluid
ligaments
reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
tendon
joins muscle to bone (establishing movement)
JOINT TYPES
hinge
knee
ankle
elbow
ball & socket
hip
shoulder
MOVEMENT TYPES
abduction/adduction
movement away/towards the body
rotation
a circular movement around a fixed point
flexion/extension
bending/straightening the limbs at a joint
plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
extension/flexion of the ankle
MUSCLES
rotator cuffs
pectorals
deltoid
biceps
latissimus dorsi
triceps
abdominals
hip flexors
gluteals
gastronemius
quadriceps
hamstrings
tibialis anterior
trapezius
ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS
Muscles which create movement when one (the prime mover) contracts and the other (the antagonist) relaxes
quadriceps and hamstrings
biceps and triceps
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
THE PATHWAY OF AIR
alveoli
lungs
bronchioles
bronchi
trachea
mouth/nose
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
the process of oxygen passing through the capillary wall and into the tissues & carbon dioxide passing from the tissues into the blood.
FACTORS WHICH AID GASEOUS EXCHANGE
short diffusion pasthway
lots of capillaries
large blood supply
movement of gas from a high to a low concentration
moist , thin cell walls
large surface area of the aleoli
oxygen combines with hemoglobin in the red blood cells to firm oxyhemoglobin. C02 can also carry hemoglobin