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GIS I - GROUP H (GIS programs (Main components (Geological Features (x-y…

- - - - North to South
  - - - East to west
- - - - Connectivity
      - Continuity/Adjacency
      - Planar Enforcement
        
        Nodes
        
        0 Dimensional
        
        Edges
        
        1 Dimensional
        
        Polygons
        
        2 Dimensional
  - - - Geographic Coordinate System
- - - - Interval
  - - - Non-Topological
        
        ArcView
      - Topological
        
        ArcInfo
        
        Spatial Relationships
        
        Contained within
        
        Contiguous
        
        Overlapping Layers
  - - - Image Data
      - Thematic Data
    - - Discrete
      - Continuous
    - - Rasters are easy to understand, easy to read and write and easy to draw on the screen, and a natural for scanned or remotely sensed data
    - - Large
    - - Determined by Pixel size
  - - - Polyline
      - Polygon
      - Points
    - - More accurate data
      - Discrete features
    - - Large File size
      - Encoding:
    - - Detailed
        
        (X,Y) Coordinates
- - - - All are produced by measuring the locations and characteristics of entities in the real world.
      - All record locations in ways that take into account the Earth's complex shape
      - All are imperfect, since it is impractical to capture all of the infinite detail of the real world
      - All geographic data need to be compatible with other kinds of geographic data so that they can be combined to address complex problems.
  - - - Shared
        
        Different users understand meaning and location of a georeference
        
        Placenames as a georeference can be shared but the domain is limited
      - Persistance
        
        Today's georeference are still meaningful for tomorrow
      - Uniqueness
        
        A georeference may be unique only within a confine
        
        Linking information to exactly one location
    - - Earliest form of georeferencing
        
        Names work at many different scales, From continents to small villages and neighborhoods
        
        Many names of geographic features are universally recognized, Others maybe understood by locals
    - - Any destination for mail
        Arrayed along streets and numbered accordingly
        Streets have names that are unique within local areas
        Local areas have names that are unique within larger regions
        
        Postcodes as georeferences
        
        Why you would use them?
        
        Hierarchically structured
        
        Useful for mapping
        
        Zip code very useful for marketing and mapping
        
        Defined in many countries
        
        Why would you not use them?
        
        In rural areas
        For natural features
        When numbering on streets is not sequential
- - - - Attribute Domain
      - Relationship rules
        
        Behavior
        
        Rules about spatial relationships
      - Connectivity Rules
        
        Geometric networks
        
        Model common networks and infastructure resources
        
        Water distribution
        
        Electric lines etc
      - Custom Rules
        
        Attribute Rules
        
        Constrain the values allowed in a particular attribute for a table
        
        Data type
        
        Valid values
      - Possible Filed Types
      - Types of Geodatabase
        
        Personal = .mdb
        
        File = .gbd
        
        ArcSDE