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Coping with Stress (Social Support (Emotional Support: Focused on feeling,…
Coping with Stress
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Biofeedback
A method of stress management that involves a person learning to control aspects of autonomic functioning through the use of operant conditioning
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Social Support
Emotional Support: Focused on feeling, e.g. anxiety
Esteem Support: Increasing a person's self-worth so they can feel more confident coping with situations
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Role of Social Support
Buffering Hypothesis - (indirect): Social support blunts the effects of stress. Individuals with high social support less likely to perceive situation as stressful. E.g. Instrumental/Esteem support
Main Effects Hypothesis - (direct): Social support is beneficial to wellbeing regardless of amount of stress. Model refers to large social networks, e.g. family and community. Level of support affects mental health.
Gender Differences
Physiological: Women's 'tend and befriend' driven by oxytocin. Oxytocin effects are stronger in women because testosterone levels also rise in response to stress and that dampens the effects of oxytocin. Therefore males become more aggressive, females seek closeness to others.
Different Coping Mechanisms: Lazarus. Problem focused: Tackling factors causing stress, e.g. revision for exams. Emotion focused: Tackling symptoms of stress, e.g. going shopping to reduce anxiety. Studies (Billings and Moos) found women used more emotion focused.